Abstract
We examine the effects of new technologies for digital photography on people’s longer term storage and access to collections of personal photos. We report an empirical study of parents’ ability to retrieve photos related to salient family events from more than a year ago. Performance was relatively poor with people failing to find almost 40% of pictures. We analyze participants’ organizational and access strategies to identify reasons for this poor performance. Possible reasons for retrieval failure include: storing too many pictures, rudimentary organization, use of multiple storage systems, failure to maintain collections and participants’ false beliefs about their ability to access photos. We conclude by exploring the technical and theoretical implications of these findings.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
There were no statistically significant differences in retrieval success (t(64) = 0.42, p > 0.05), or retrieval time (t(64) = 0.56, p > 0.05), between the tasks suggested by the participants and the ones suggested by the interviewer, so we combine results here.
References
Abrams D, Baecker R, Chignell M (1998) Information archiving with bookmarks: personal web space construction and organization. In: Proceedings of ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 1998), Los Angeles, California, New York: ACM Press
Adams B, Phung D, Venkatesh S (2006) Extraction of social context and application to personal multimedia exploration. In: Proceedings of the 14th annual ACM international conference on multimedia (MULTIMEDIA ‘06), ACM Press, Santa Barbara, pp 987–996
Aula A, Jhaveri N, Käki M (2005) Information search and re-access strategies of experienced web users. In: Proceedings of WWW 2005, pp 583–592
Balabanović M, Chu LL, Wolff GJ (2000) Storytelling with digital photographs. In: Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems (CHI ‘00), ACM Press, The Hague, The Netherlands, pp 564–571
Baxevanis A (2006) The journey of a digital photograph, MSc dissertation, UCL
Bellotti V, Ducheneaut N, Howard MA, Smith IE, Grinter RE (2005) Quality versus quantity: e-mail-centric task management and its relation with overload. Human-Comput Interact 20(1–2):89–138
Bergman O, Beyth-Marom R, Nachmias R (2003) The user-subjective approach to personal information management systems. J Am Soc Inform Sci Technol 54(9):872–878
Bergman O, Beyth-Marom R, Nachmias R (2008) The user-subjective approach to personal information management systems design—evidence and implementations. J Am Soc Inform Sci Technol 59(2):235–246
Bergman O, Beyth-Marom R, Nachmias R, Gradovitch N, Whittaker S (2008) Improved search engines and navigation preference in personal information management. ACM Transact Inform Syst 26(4):1–24
Bergman O, Beyth-Marom R, Hadar D, Dekel A (2000) From “learning-by-viewing” to “learning-by-doing”: A video annotation educational technology tool. In: Proceedings of ED-MEDIA 2000, world conference on educational multimedia hypermedia & telecommunications, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, pp 1555–1556
Boardman R, Sasse MA (2004) Stuff goes in the Computer but it doesn’t come out. In: Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems (CHI’04), ACM Press, New York, pp 583–590
Brewer W (1988) Memory for randomly sampled autobiographical events. In: Neisser U, Winograd E (eds) Remembering reconsidered. Cambridge University Press, New York, pp 21–90
Chalfen R (1987) Snapshot versions of life. Popular Press, Bowling Green Ohio
Chen C, Oakes MP, Tait J (2006) Browsing personal images using episodic memory (time + location). In: Proceedings of European conference on information retrieval (ECIR 2006), pp 362–372
Cohen KR (2005) What does the photoblog want? Media, Culture and Society 27:883–901
Cooper M, Foote J, Girgensohn A, Wilcox L (2005) Temporal event clustering for digital photo collections. ACM Trans Multimedia Comput Commun Appl 1(3):269–288
Cui J, Wen F, Xiao R, Tian Y, Tang X (2007) EasyAlbum: an interactive photo annotation system based on face clustering and re-ranking. In: Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems (CHI’07), ACM Press, San Jose, pp 367–376
Czerwinski M, Horvitz E (2002) Memory for daily computing events. In: Proceedings of HCI 2002, pp 230-245
Eldridge M, Lamming M, Flynn M (1991) Does a video diary help recall? EuroPARC Technical Report, No. EPC-1991-124
Frohlich D, Kuchinsky A, Pering C, Don A, Ariss S (2002) Requirements for photoware. In: Proceedings of the 2002 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW’02), New Orleans, ACM Press, pp 166–175
Frohlich D (2004) Audiophotography: bringing photos to life with sounds (The Computer Supported Cooperative Work Series), ISBN 1402023316. Springer-Verlag, Berlin
Gemmell J, Bell G, Lueder R (2006) MyLifeBits: a personal database for everything. Communications of the ACM (CACM) 49(1):88–95
Graham A, Garcia-Molina H, Paepcke A, Winograd T (2002) Time as essence for photo browsing through personal digital libraries. In: Proceedings of the 2nd ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries (JCDL ‘02), Portland, ACM Press, pp 326–335
Hirsch M (1997). Family frames: photography, narrative and postmemory. Harvard University Press
Jones W (2008) Keeping found things found: the study and practice of personal information management. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Burlington, MA
Kalnikaitė V, Whittaker S (2007) Software or Wetware? Discovering when and why people use digital prosthetic memory. In: Proceedings of CHI07, ACM, New York, pp 71–80
Kalnikaite V, Whittaker S (2008) Social summarization: does social feedback improveaccess to speech data? In Proceedings of conference on computer supported co-operative work, ACM Press, New York, pp 9–12
Kang H, Bederson B, Suh B (2007) Capture, annotate, browse, find, share: novel interfaces for personal photo management. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction 23(3):315–337
King G (1986) Say “Cheese”. The Snapshot as Art and Social History London, Collins
Kirk DS, Sellen A, Rother C, Wood K (2006) Understanding Photowork. In: Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems (CHI’06), ACM Press, Montreal, pp 761–770
Linton M (1978) Real world memory after six years. In: Gruneberg M, Morris P, Sykes R (eds) Practical aspects of memory. Academic Press, London
Marshall CC (2007) How people manage personal information over a lifetime. In: Jones, Teevan (eds) Personal Information Management, University of Washington Press, Seattle, Washington, pp 57–75
Mulhem P, Lim JH (2003) Home photo retrieval: time matters. In: International conference on image and video retrieval, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2728, Springer, pp 308–317
Narayanaswami C, Raghunath MT (2004) Expanding the digital camera’s reach. IEEE Comput 37(12):65–73
Petrelli D, Whittaker S, Brockmeier J (2008) Autotopography: What can Physical Mementos tell us about Digital Memories? In Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI’08), ACM Press, New York, pp 53–62
Petrelli D, Whittaker S (2008) The use of photos in the home and in the computer: similarities and differences. In: Proceedings of workshop on “collocated social practices surrounding photos” at CHI 2008
Platt JC, Czerwinski M, Field BA (2003) PhotoTOC: automatic clustering for browsing personal photographs. In: Proceedings of the fourth IEEE Pacific Rim Conference (ICICS-FCM 2003)
Ringel M, Cutrell E, Dumais S, Horvitz E (2003) Milestones in time: the value of landmarks in retrieving information from personal stores. In: Proceedings of Interact 2003, pp 228–235
Rodden K, Wood KR (2003) How do people manage their digital photographs? In: Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems (CHI ‘03), ACM Press, New York, pp 409–416
San Pedro J, Kalnikaite V, Whittaker S (2009). You can play that again: exploring social redundancy to derive highlight regions in videos. In: Intelligent User Interfaces. ACM Press, New York, pp 469–474
Sellen A, Fogg A, Hodges S, Rother C, Wood K (2007) Do life-logging technologies support memory for the past? an experimental study using SenseCam. In: Proceedings of CHI ‘07, ACM Press , New York
Shneiderman B, Kang H (2000) Direct annotation: a drag-and-drop strategy for labeling photos. In: Proceedings of international conference on information visualisation (IV2000), London, England
Stevens M, Abowd G, Truong K, Vollmer F (2003) Getting into the living memory box: family archives and holistic design. Personal Ubiquit Comput Technol 7(3–4):210–216
Suh B, Bederson BB (2007) Semi-automatic photo annotation strategies using event based clustering and clothing based person recognition. Interact Comput 19(4):524–544
Tauscher L, Greenberg S (1997) How people revisit web pages: empirical findings and implications for the design of history systems. Int J Human-Comput Studies 47(1):97–137
Tan D, Berry E, Czerwinski M, Bell G, Gemmell J, Hodges S, Kapur N, Meyers B, Oliver N, Robertson G, Wood K (2007) Save everything: supporting human memory with a personal digital lifetime store. In: Jones W, Teevan J (eds) Personal information management. University of Washington Press, Seattle
Wagenaar W (1986) My memory: a study of autobiographical memory after six years. Cogn Psychol 18:225–252
Williams C (2000) The meaning of family photographs, [Available online: http://homepage.mac.com/williamszone/dostal/research/meaning.html]
Whittaker, S (2005) Supporting Collaborative Task Management in E-mail. Human Comput Interact 20(1):49–88
Whittaker S, Sidner C (1996) Email overload: exploring personal information management of Email. In: Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI’96), pp 276–283
Whittaker S, Hirschberg J (2001) The character, value and management of paper archive. ACM Trans Comput Human Interact 8:150–170
Acknowledgments
We thank our participants for their time and efforts. This research was funded by the European Union Marie Curie Grant, TOK 30008 (Memoir). The authors are solely responsible for the content of this paper. It does not represent the opinion of supporting funding agencies, and the supporters are not responsible for any use that might be made of data appearing therein.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Whittaker, S., Bergman, O. & Clough, P. Easy on that trigger dad: a study of long term family photo retrieval. Pers Ubiquit Comput 14, 31–43 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00779-009-0218-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00779-009-0218-7