Abstract
GHK and DAHK are biological peptides that bind both copper and zinc cations. Here we used infrared and Raman spectroscopies to study the coordination modes of both copper and zinc ions, at pH 6.8 and 8.9, correlating the data with the crystal structures that are only available for the copper-bound form. We found that Cu(II) binds to deprotonated backbone (amidate), the N-terminus and Nπ of the histidine side chain, in both GHK and DAHK, at pH 6.8 and 8.9. The data for the coordination of zinc at pH 6.8 points to two conformers including both nitrogens of a histidine residue. At pH 8.9, vibrational spectra of the ZnGHK complexes show that equilibria between monomers, oligomers exist, where deprotonated histidine residues as well as deprotonated amide nitrogen are involved in the coordination. A common feature is found: zinc cations coordinate to Nτ and/or Nπ of the His leading to the formation of GHK and DAHK multimers. In contrast, Cu(II) binds His via Nπ regardless of the peptide, in a pH-independent manner.
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Abbreviations
- FTIR:
-
Fourier transform infrared
- GHK:
-
NH2-Glycine-histidine-lysine-COOH
- DAHK:
-
NH2-Aspartic acid-alanine-histidine-lysine-COOH
- HSA:
-
Human serum albumin
- υ :
-
Stretching vibration
- δ :
-
In-plane bending vibration
- ω :
-
Wagging vibration
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Acknowledgements
A. Schirer, Y. El Khoury and P. Hellwig acknowledge the support by the University of Strasbourg, the CNRS as well as the FRC. P. Faller gratefully acknowledges the support of the University of Strasbourg and the University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study (USIAS).
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A. Schirer and Y. El Khoury contributed equally to this work.
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Schirer, A., El Khoury, Y., Faller, P. et al. Similarities and differences of copper and zinc cations binding to biologically relevant peptides studied by vibrational spectroscopies. J Biol Inorg Chem 22, 581–589 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00775-017-1449-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00775-017-1449-0