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Microarray analysis of thapsigargin — induced stress to the endoplasmic reticulum of mouse osteoblasts

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Abstract

Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) protein has a dual role in osteoblasts. It functions as a responder to stress to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as well as a transcription factor for bone formation. Little is known about molecular pathways that can potentially lead to stress-induced apoptosis or homeostasis of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules. Based on microarray-derived mRNA expression data for mouse osteoblasts (MC3T3 E1 cells, clone 4), we analyzed the ER-stress responses in the presence of 10 nM Thapsigargin using two computational approaches: “Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA)” and “Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA).” GSEA presented a strong linkage to an expression pattern observed in the responses to hypoxia, and IPA identified two molecular pathways: ATF4-unlinked connective tissue development and ATF4-linked organ morphology. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot analyses validated eIF2α-driven translational regulation as well as ATF4-linked transcriptional activation of transcription factors and growth factors including FOS, FGF-9, and BMP-2. Consistent with the role of p38 MAPK in hypoxia, phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was activated in nonapoptotic osteoblasts under surviving ER stress. Furthermore, the level of phosphorylated PERK was elevated. These results support cross-talk between p38 MAPK and ER kinase, presenting a similarity to the responses to hypoxia as well as a pathway toward connective tissue development and organ morphology.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Biomedical Engineering, and Anatomy & Cell Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University, Fesler Hall 115, 1120 South Drive, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA

    Kazunori Hamamura & Hiroki Yokota

  2. Division of Biostatistics, Department of Medicine, Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA

    Yunlong Liu

Authors
  1. Kazunori Hamamura
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  2. Yunlong Liu
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  3. Hiroki Yokota
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Correspondence to Hiroki Yokota.

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Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00774-007-0825-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Hamamura, K., Liu, Y. & Yokota, H. Microarray analysis of thapsigargin — induced stress to the endoplasmic reticulum of mouse osteoblasts. J Bone Miner Metab 26, 231–240 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00774-007-0825-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00774-007-0825-1

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