Skip to main content
Log in

From experimental design to quality by design in pharmaceutical legislation

  • Review
  • Published:
Accreditation and Quality Assurance Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Quality by design (QbD) is a concept first outlined by Juran, who believed that quality could be planned and that most quality crises and problems relate to the way in which quality was planned in the first place. Experimental design is a powerful technique and tool for QbD, used for exploring new processes, gaining increased knowledge of the existing processes and optimizing these processes for achieving internationally competitive performance. It is also used for the investigation of relationship between parameters of ill-defined process. In this paper, the experimental design principles in pharmaceutical development and impact of these principles on pharmaceutical legislation have been reviewed. Also, slow implementation of QbD in pharmaceutical industries has been discussed. Pharmaceutical legislation is necessary for companies to continue benefiting from knowledge gained and to continually improve throughout the process lifecycle by making adaptations to assure that root causes of manufacturing problems are quickly corrected.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Juran JM (1992) Juran on quality by design: the new steps for planning quality into goods and services. The Free Press, USA

    Google Scholar 

  2. Gibson M (2004) Pharmaceutical preformulation and formulation—a practical guide from candidate drug selection to commercial dosage form. United States of America

  3. Huang NE, Shen Z, Long SR, Wu MC, Shih EH, Zheng Q, Tung CC, Liu HH (1998) The empirical mode decomposition method and the Hilbert spectrum for non-stationary time series analysis. Proc R Soc Lond 454A:903–995

    Google Scholar 

  4. Savic I, Marinkovc V, Savic I, Sibinovic P, Cekic N (2012) Application of experimental design on photostability investigation of Karvileks tablet. Indian J Pharm Educ 46(3) (in press)

  5. Savic I, Nikolic G, Savic I, Cakic M, Dosic A, Canadi J (2012) Modeling of bioactive copper(II) complex stability by use of experimental design. Chem Ind. doi:10.2298/HEMIND120120021S

    Google Scholar 

  6. Savic I, Nikolic K, Nikolic G, Savic I, Agbaba D (2012) Application of mathematical modeling for the development and optimization formulation with bioactive copper complex. Drug Dev Ind Pharm (in press). doi:10.3109/03639045.2012.707208

  7. Kutle L, Pavlovic N, Dorotic M, Zadro I, Kapustic M, Halassy B (2010) Robustness testing of live attenuated rubella vaccine potency assay using fractional factorial design of experiments. Vaccine 28(33):5497–5502

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Sungthongjeen S (2004) Application of Arrhenius equation and Plackett–Burman design to ascorbic acid syrup development. Naresuan Univ J 12:1–12

    Google Scholar 

  9. Li W, Rasmussen HT (2003) Strategy for developing and optimizing liquid chromatography methods in pharmaceutical development using computer-assisted screening and Plackett–Burman experimental design. J Chromatogr A 1016(2):165–180

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Paterakis PG, Korakianiti ES, Dallas PP, Rekkas DM (2002) Evaluation and simultaneous optimization of some pellets characteristics using a 3(3) factorial design and the desirability function. Int J Pharm 248(1–2):51–60

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Bodea A, Leucuta SE (1997) Optimization of propranolol hydrochloride sustained release pellets using a factorial design. Int J Pharm 154(1):49–57

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Gohel MC, Amin AF (1998) Formulation optimization of controlled release diclofenac sodium microspheres using factorial design. J Control Release 51(2–3):115–122

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Milenkovic M, Marinkovic V, Sibinovic P, Palic R, Milenovic D (2010) An HPLC method for the determination of digoxin in dissolution samples. J Serb Chem Soc 75:1583–1594

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Marinkovic V, Karljikovic-Rajic K, Agbaba D, Nikolic M (2005) Experimental design as a quality improvement function. Total Qual Manag Excell 1–2:193–195

    Google Scholar 

  15. Barmpalexis P, Kanaze FI, Georgarakis E (2009) Developing and optimizing a validated isocratic reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography separation of nimodipine and impurities in tablets using experimental design methodology. J Pharm Biomed Anal 49(5):1192–1202

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Srinubabu G, Lokeswari N, Jayaraju K (2007) Screening of nutritional parameters for the production of protease from Aspergillus oryzae. E-J Chem 4:208–215

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Bolourchian N, Hadidi N, Foroutan SM, Shafaghi B (2009) Development and optimization of a sublingual tablet formulation for physostigmine salicylate. Acta Pharm 59:301–312

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Mura P, Furlanetto S, Cirri M, Maestrelli F, Marras AM, Pinzauti S (2005) Optimization of glibenclamide tablet composition through the combined use of differential scanning calorimetry and D-optimal mixture experimental design. J Pharm Biomed Anal 37(1):65–71

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Cafaggi S, Leardi R, Parodi B, Caviglioli G, Bignardi G (2003) An example of application of a mixture design with constraints to a pharmaceutical formulation. Chemom Intell Lab 65:139–147

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Marti-Mestres G, Nielloud F, Marti R, Maillols H (1997) Optimization with experimental design of nonionic, anionic, and amphoteric surfactants in a mixed system. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 23:993–998

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Vojnovic D, Chicco D (1997) Mixture experimental design applied to solubility predictions. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 23:639–645

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. http://www.ich.org/LOB/media/MEDIA4986.pdf

  23. PET Drugs—Current Good Manufacturing Practice (CGMP), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) (2011). http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidances/default.htm

  24. http://www.ich.org/fileadmin/Public_Web_Site/ICH_Products/Guidelines/Quality/Q8_R1/Step4/Q8_R2_Guideline.pdf

  25. ICH Harmonised Tripartite Guideline, Development and Manufacture of Drug Substances (Chemical Entities And Biotechnological/Biological Entities) Q11, (2012)

  26. Pharmaceutical quality system ICH Q 10, EMA/INS/GMP/79818 (2011)

  27. Marinkovic V, Tasic LJ, Majstorovic V (2008) Risk management according the model of ISO 31000—pharmaceutical approach. Total Qual Manag Excell 36:421–424

    Google Scholar 

  28. Tasic LJ, Marinkovic V, Vecerkov-Vukmirovic S (2008) From technology transfer to process design—an approach of knowledge management in pharma business. Total Qual Manag Excell 36:53–56

    Google Scholar 

  29. Tasic LJ, Cvetovski A, Marinkovic V (2007) Knowledge management as a tool in pharma business. Total Qual Manag 35:113–117

    Google Scholar 

  30. Branning R, Torbeck L (2009) QbD: convincing the skeptics. Biopharm Int 22:5–8

    Google Scholar 

  31. PharmaQbD web cast (2008) http://www.pharmaqbd.com

  32. Marinkovic V, Vecerkov-Vukmirovic S, Tasic LJ, Majstrovic V (2009) Investigation of QM practice in pharmaceutical industry of Serbia. Total Qual Manag Excell 37:133–137

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Serbia under the projects TR-34012 and TR 34007. Ivan Savic is a recipient of a scholarship granted by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Serbia.

Conflict of interest

The authors do not have conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ivan M. Savic.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Savic, I.M., Marinkovic, V.D., Tasic, L. et al. From experimental design to quality by design in pharmaceutical legislation. Accred Qual Assur 17, 627–633 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00769-012-0926-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00769-012-0926-y

Keywords

Navigation