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Prenatal predictors of postpartum depression and postpartum depressive symptoms in Mexican mothers: a longitudinal study

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Abstract

Prospective studies on the predictors of postpartum depression (PPD) in Latin America are scarce, which is a matter of importance, since the significance of PPD risk factors may vary according to the level of development of a country, the types of measurement and the time periods assessed. This study identifies the prenatal predictors for PPD (diagnostic interview) and postpartum depressive symptoms (PPDS) (self-report scale) in Mexican mothers at 6 weeks and 6 months postpartum. Two hundred and ten women were interviewed using the Structured Clinical Interview (SCID-I), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and various risk factor scales. Univariate logistic regressions showed that social support, marital satisfaction, life events, a history of psychopathology, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, the traditional female role, previous miscarriages/termination of pregnancy and unplanned/unwanted pregnancy were significant predictors for both PPD and PPDS at both assessment times in the postpartum. Education, age, marital status, income, occupation, parity, C-section and resilience were significant for only one of the measurements and/or at just one assessment time. General findings replicate a high- and low-income country observed psychosocial risk profile and confirm a sociodemographic and obstetric profile of vulnerability that is more prevalent in resource-constrained countries. PPD constitutes a high burden for new mothers, particularly for those living in low-middle-income countries who face social disadvantages (such as low educational attainment and income).

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the Mexican National Council for Science and Technology (Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología [CONACyT], Grant No. CB-2009-01 133923). We are grateful to Dr. José Luis Navarro, Director of the Centro de Salud Dr. Ángel Brioso Vasconcelos; Dr. Juan Pablo Barba, Coordinator of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Services of the Hospital Regional del ISSSTE Lic. Adolfo López Mateos; the staff and patients of these institutions; the members of the research team: Yadira Ramos, Karla Alcántara, Valeria Zempoalteca, Lilian Delgado and Araceli Aguilar; and Dr. Carmen Lara, for training and supervising the use of the SCID.

Authors’ contributions

All the authors have significantly contributed to this scientific work and approved the final version of the manuscript. MAL is the PI of the study and was involved in the planning of the manuscript and wrote the introduction and discussion. L Navarrete participated in the field work, data analysis and manuscript preparation. L Nieto participated in the literature review and manuscript preparation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, San Lorenzo Huipulco, 14370, Tlalpan, D.F., México

    María Asunción Lara, Laura Navarrete & Lourdes Nieto

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  1. María Asunción Lara
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  2. Laura Navarrete
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  3. Lourdes Nieto
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Correspondence to María Asunción Lara.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Details of ethics approval

The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the Ramón de la Fuente National Institute of Psychiatry (27 April 2011).

Funding

This study was supported by the Mexican National Council for Science and Technology (Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología [CONACyT], grant no. CB-2009-01 133923).

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Lara, M.A., Navarrete, L. & Nieto, L. Prenatal predictors of postpartum depression and postpartum depressive symptoms in Mexican mothers: a longitudinal study. Arch Womens Ment Health 19, 825–834 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-016-0623-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-016-0623-7

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