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TIG3: a regulator of type I transglutaminase activity in epidermis

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Abstract

Keratinocytes undergo a process of terminal cell differentiation that results in the construction of a multilayered epithelium designed to produce a structure that functions to protect the body from dehydration, abrasion and infection. These protective properties are due to the production of a crosslinked layer of protein called the cornified envelope. Type I transglutaminase (TG1), an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of ε-(γ-glutamyl)lysine bonds, is the key protein responsible for generation of the crosslinks. The mechanisms that lead to activation of transglutaminase during terminal differentiation are not well understood. We have identified a protein that interacts with TG1 and regulates its activity. This protein, tazarotene-induced gene 3 (TIG3), is expressed in the differentiated layers of the epidermis and its expression is associated with transglutaminase activation and cornified envelope formation. We describe a novel mechanism whereby TIG3 regulates TG1 activity.

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Abbreviations

TG1:

Transglutaminase type 1

TIG3:

Tazarotene-induced gene 3

FC:

Fluorescein cadaverine

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by a grant to RLE from the National Institutes of Health (AR49713).

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Correspondence to Richard L. Eckert.

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Eckert, R.L., Sturniolo, M.T., Jans, R. et al. TIG3: a regulator of type I transglutaminase activity in epidermis. Amino Acids 36, 739–746 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-008-0123-9

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