Abstract.
The present paper presents a tutorial on the solid effect (SE) as a mechanism for dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP). DNP is a method to orient nuclear spins in a solid. For this purpose, this solid is doped with a small amount of unpaired electron spins and a microwave field is used to transfer the orientation of the electron spins to the nuclear spins. Three different mechanism may be responsible for successful DNP: the Overhauser effect in metals and liquids, the SE and thermal mixing (TM) in insulators. The fundamental process of the SE are flip-flop transitions between the electron spins and the nuclear spins induced by the microwave field. In this paper the SE is approached in a similar way as in the description of cross polarization and coherence transfer between nuclear spins.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abragam, A., Goldman, M.: Rep. Prog. Phys. 41, 395 (1978)
Abragam, A., Goldman, M.: Nuclear Magnetism: Order and Disorder. Clarendon, Oxford (1982)
Brunner, H., Fritsch, R.H., Hausser, K.H.: Z. Naturforsch. A 42, 1456 (1987)
Goldman, M.: Appl. Magn. Reson. 34, 219–226 (2008)
Hartmann, S.R., Hahn, E.L.: Phys. Rev. 128, 2042 (1962)
Henstra, A., Dirksen, P., Schmidt, J., Wenckebach, W.T.: J. Magn. Reson. 77, 389 (1988)
Henstra, A., Wenckebach, W.T.: Mol. Phys. 106, 859 (2008)
van den Heuvel, D.-J., Henstra, A., Lin, T.-S., Schmidt, J., Wenckebach, W.T.: Chem. Phys. Lett. 188, 194 (1992)
Müller, L., Ernst, R.R.: Mol. Phys. 38, 963 (1979)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Author's address: W. Thomas Wenckebach, Institute de Physique des Nanostructures, Faculté des Sciences de Base, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, station 3, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wenckebach, W. The Solid Effect. Appl Magn Reson 34, 227–235 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00723-008-0121-9
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00723-008-0121-9