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ROS homeostasis as a prerequisite for the accomplishment of plant cytokinesis

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Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are emerging players in several biological processes. The present work investigates their potential involvement in plant cytokinesis by the application of reagents disturbing ROS homeostasis in root-tip cells of Triticum turgidum. In particular, the NADPH-oxidase inhibitor diphenylene iodonium, the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-cysteine, and menadione that leads to ROS overproduction were used. The effects on cytokinetic cells were examined using light, fluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy. ROS imbalance had a great impact on the cytokinetic process including the following: (a) formation of atypical “phragmoplasts” incapable of guiding vesicles to the equatorial plane, (b) inhibition of the dictyosomal and/or endosomal vesicle production that provides the developing cell plates with membranous and matrix polysaccharidic material, (c) disturbance of the fusion processes between vesicles arriving on the cell plate plane, (d) disruption of endocytic vesicle production that mediates the removal of the excess membrane material from the developing cell plate, and (e) the persistence of large callose depositions in treated cell plates. Consequently, either elevated or low ROS levels in cytokinetic root-tip cells resulted in a total inhibition of cell plate assembly or the formation of aberrant cell plates, depending on the stage of the affected cytokinetic cells. The latter failed to expand towards cell cortex and hence to give rise to complete daughter cell wall. These data revealed for the first time the necessity of ROS homeostasis for accomplishment of plant cytokinesis, since it seems to be a prerequisite for almost every aspect of this process.

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Abbreviations

ARFs:

ADP-ribosylation factors

CLSM:

Confocal laser scanning microscope

DAB:

Diaminobenzidine

DIC:

Differential interference contrast

DPI:

Diphenylene iodonium

ER:

Endoplasmic reticulum

HGAs:

Homogalacturonans

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

MEN:

Menadione

MTs:

Microtubules

NAC:

N-acetyl-cysteine

NADPH:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

NTB:

Nitro blue tetrazolium

PLD:

Phospholipase D

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. We would like to thank Prof. G. Jürgens (University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany) for kindly providing the anti-KNOLLE antibody.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, 15781, Greece

    Pantelis Livanos, Basil Galatis & Panagiotis Apostolakos

  2. Division of Cell Biology/Phycology, Biocenter Klein Flottbek, Department of Biology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany

    Hartmut Quader

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  1. Pantelis Livanos
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  2. Basil Galatis
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Livanos, P., Galatis, B., Quader, H. et al. ROS homeostasis as a prerequisite for the accomplishment of plant cytokinesis. Protoplasma 254, 569–586 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-016-0976-9

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