Abstract
Vibration characteristics of moderately thick doubly curved functionally graded composite panels reinforced by carbon nanotube are analyzed. Here, special cases of doubly curved shell panels such as spherical, cylindrical and hyperbolic paraboloid panels and five different distributions of carbon nanotubes through the thickness direction are considered. By utilizing the modified rule of mixture, mechanical properties are estimated. The equations of motion are derived via the first-order shear deformation theory, and non-dimensional frequencies are obtained by the use of Galerkin’s method. The suggested model is justified by a good agreement between the results given by present model and available data in the literature. The influences of volume fraction of carbon nanotubes, thickness ratio, aspect ratio, curvature ratio, and shallowness ratio on the frequencies of moderately thick doubly curved nanocomposite shell panels are also examined. Furthermore, the effect of various boundary conditions on the frequency analysis of doubly curved nanocomposite panels is studied, and the corresponding mode shapes are depicted.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Treacy, M.M.J., Ebbesen, T.W., Gibson, J.M.: Exceptionally high Young’s modulus observed for individual carbon nanotubes. Nature 38, 678–680 (1996)
Lu, J.P.: Elastic properties of carbon nanotubes and nanoropes. Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 1297–1300 (1997)
Dai, H.: Carbon nanotubes: opportunities and challenges. Surf. Sci. 500, 218–241 (2002)
Cadek, M., Coleman, J.N., Barron, V., Hedicke, K., Blau, W.J.: Morphological and mechanical properties of carbon-nanotube-reinforced semicrystalline and amorphous polymer composites. Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 5123–5125 (2002)
Thostenson, E.T., Chou, T.W.: On the elastic properties of carbon nanotube-based composites: modelling and characterization. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 36, 573–582 (2003)
Qian, D., Dickey, E.C., Andews, R., Rantell, T.: Load transfer and deformation mechanisms in carbon nanotube-polystyrene composites. Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 2868–2870 (2000)
Griebel, M., Hamaekers, J.: Molecular dynamics simulations of the elastic moduli of polymer-carbon nanotube composites. Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 193, 1773–1788 (2004)
Hu, N., Fukunaga, H., Lu, C., Kameyama, M., Yan, B.: Prediction of elastic properties of carbon nanotube reinforced composites. Proc. R. Soc. A Math. Phys. 461, 1685–1710 (2005)
Song, Y.S., Youn, J.R.: Modeling of effective elastic properties for polymer based carbon nanotube composites. Polymer 47, 1741–1748 (2006)
Han, Y., Elliott, J.: Molecular dynamics simulations of the elastic properties of polymer/carbon nanotube composites. Comput. Mater. Sci. 39, 315–323 (2007)
Ngabonziza, Y., Li, J., Barry, C.F.: Electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of multiwalled carbon nanotube-reinforced polypropylene nanocomposites. Acta Mech. 220, 289–298 (2011)
Wernik, J.M., Meguid, S.A.: Multiscale modeling of the nonlinear response of nano-reinforced polymers. Acta Mech. 217, 1–16 (2011)
Mehrabadi, S.J., Aragh, B.S., Khoshkhahesh, V., Taherpour, A.: Mechanical buckling of nanocomposite rectangular plate reinforced by aligned and straight single-walled carbon nanotubes. Compos. Part B Eng. 43, 2031–2040 (2012)
Bhardwaj, G., Upadhyay, A.K., Pandey, R., Shukla, K.K.: Non-linear flexural and dynamic response of CNT reinforced laminated composite plates. Compos. Part B Eng. 45, 89–100 (2013)
Yanase, K., Moriyama, S., Ju, J.W.: Effects of CNT waviness on the effective elastic responses of CNT-reinforced polymer composites. Acta Mech. 224, 1351–1364 (2013)
Zhu, P., Zhang, L.W., Liew, K.M.: Geometrically nonlinear thermomechanical analysis of moderately thick functionally graded plates using a local Petrov–Galerkin approach with moving Kriging interpolation. Compos. Struct. 107, 298–314 (2014)
Zhang, L.W., Zhu, P., Liew, K.M.: Thermal buckling of functionally graded plates using a local Kriging meshless method. Compos. Struct. 108, 472–492 (2014)
Lei, Z.X., Zhang, L.W., Liew, K.M.: Elastodynamic analysis of carbon nanotube-reinforced functionally graded plates. Int. J. Mech. Sci. 99, 208–217 (2015)
Zhang, L.W., Song, Z.G., Liew, K.M.: Nonlinear bending analysis of FG-CNT reinforced composite thick plates resting on Pasternak foundations using the element-free IMLS-Ritz method. Compos. Struct. 128, 165–175 (2015)
Zhang, L.W., Liew, K.M.: Large deflection analysis of FG-CNT reinforced composite skew plates resting on Pasternak foundations using an element-free approach. Compos. Struct. 132, 974–983 (2015)
Zhang, L.W., Liew, K.M.: Geometrically nonlinear large deformation analysis of functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite straight-sided quadrilateral plates. Comput. Method Appl. Mech. Eng. 295, 219–239 (2015)
Zhang, L.W., Lei, Z.X., Liew, K.M.: Buckling analysis of FG-CNT reinforced composite thick skew plates using an element-free approach. Compos. Part B Eng. 75, 36–46 (2015)
Aragh, B.S., Barati, A.H.N., Hedayati, H.: Eshelby–Mori–Tanaka approach for vibrational behavior of continuously graded carbon nanotube-reinforced cylindrical panels. Compos. Part B Eng. 43, 1943–1954 (2012)
Yas, M.H., Pourasghar, A., Kamarian, S., Heshmati, M.: Three-dimensional free vibration analysis of functionally graded nanocomposite cylindrical panels reinforced by carbon nanotube. Mater. Des. 49, 583–590 (2013)
Moradi-Dastjerdi, R., Pourasghar, A., Foroutan, M.: The effects of carbon nanotube orientation and aggregation on vibrational behavior of functionally graded nanocomposite cylinders by a mesh-free method. Acta Mech. 224, 2817–2832 (2013)
Shen, H.S., Xiang, Y.: Postbuckling of nanotube-reinforced composite cylindrical shells under combined axial and radial mechanical loads in thermal environment. Compos. Part B Eng. 52, 311–322 (2013)
Moradi-Dastjerdi, R., Foroutan, M., Pourasghar, A.: Dynamic analysis of functionally graded nanocomposite cylinders reinforced by carbon nanotube by a mesh-free method. Mater. Des. 44, 256–266 (2013)
Liew, K.M., Lei, Z.X., Yu, J.L., Zhang, L.W.: Postbuckling of carbon nanotube-reinforced functionally graded cylindrical panels under axial compression using a meshless approach. Comput. Method Appl. Mech. Eng. 268, 1–17 (2014)
Alibeigloo, A.: Free vibration analysis of functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite cylindrical panel embedded in piezoelectric layers by using theory of elasticity. Eur. J. Mech. A Solids 44, 104–115 (2014)
Heydarpour, Y., Aghdam, M.M., Malekzadeh, P.: Free vibration analysis of rotating functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite truncated conical shells. Compos. Struct. 117, 187–200 (2014)
Zhang, L.W., Lei, Z.X., Liew, K.M., Yu, J.L.: Large deflection geometrically nonlinear analysis of carbon nanotube-reinforced functionally graded cylindrical panels. Comput. Method Appl. Mech. Eng. 273, 1–18 (2014)
Mehrabadi, S.J., Aragh, B.S.: Stress analysis of functionally graded open cylindrical shell reinforced by agglomerated carbon nanotubes. Thin Wall. Struct. 80, 130–141 (2014)
Zhang, L.W., Lei, Z.X., Liew, K.M., Yu, J.L.: Static and dynamic of carbon nanotube reinforced functionally graded cylindrical panels. Compos. Struct. 111, 205–212 (2014)
Lei, Z.X., Zhang, L.W., Liew, K.M., Yu, J.L.: Dynamic stability analysis of carbon nanotube-reinforced functionally graded cylindrical panels using the element-free kp-Ritz method. Compos. Struct. 113, 328–338 (2014)
Shen, H.S., Xiang, Y.: Postbuckling of axially compressed nanotube-reinforced composite cylindrical panels resting on elastic foundations in thermal environments. Compos. Part B Eng. 67, 50–61 (2014)
Zarouni, E., Rad, M.J., Tohidi, H.: Free vibration analysis of fiber reinforced composite conical shells resting on Pasternak-type elastic foundation using Ritz and Galerkin methods. Int. J. Mech. Mater. Des. 10, 421–438 (2014)
Ghorbanpour Arani, A., Haghparast, E., Khoddami Maraghi, Z., Amir, S.: Static stress analysis of carbon nano-tube reinforced composite (CNTRC) cylinder under non-axisymmetric thermo-mechanical loads and uniform electro-magnetic fields. Compos. Part B Eng. 68, 136–145 (2015)
Jam, J.E., Kiani, Y.: Buckling of pressurized functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced conical shells. Compos. Struct. 125, 586–595 (2015)
Lei, Z.X., Zhang, L.W., Liew, K.M.: Vibration analysis of CNT-reinforced functionally graded rotating cylindrical panels using the element-free kp-Ritz method. Compos. Part B Eng. 77, 291–303 (2015)
Zhang, L.W., Cui, W.C., Liew, K.M.: Vibration analysis of functionally graded carbon nanotube reinforced composite thick plates with elastically restrained edges. Int. J. Mech. Sci. 103, 9–21 (2015)
Kundalwal, S.I., Meguid, S.A.: Effect of carbon nanotube waviness on active damping of laminated hybrid composite shells. Acta Mech. 226, 2035–2052 (2015)
Zhang, L.W., Lei, Z.X., Liew, K.M.: Computation of vibration solution for functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite thick plates resting on elastic foundations using the element-free IMLS-Ritz method. Appl. Math. Comput. 256, 488–504 (2015)
Lei, Z.X., Zhang, L.W., Liew, K.M.: Free vibration analysis of laminated FG-CNT reinforced composite rectangular plates using the kp-Ritz method. Compos. Struct. 127, 245–259 (2015)
Zhang, L.W., Song, Z.G., Liew, K.M.: State-space Levy method for vibration analysis of FG-CNT composite plates subjected to in-plane loads based on higher-order shear deformation theory. Compos. Struct. 134, 989–1003 (2015)
Thomas, B., Roy, T.: Vibration analysis of functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite shell structures. Acta Mech. 227, 581–599 (2016)
Zhang, L.W., Song, Z.G., Liew, K.M.: Computation of aerothermoelastic properties and active flutter control of CNT reinforced functionally graded composite panels in supersonic airflow. Comput. Method Appl. Mech. Eng. 300, 427–441 (2016)
Song, Z.G., Zhang, L.W., Liew, K.M.: Active vibration control of CNT reinforced functionally graded plates based on a higher-order shear deformation theory. Int. J. Mech. Sci. 105, 90–101 (2016)
Zhang, L.W., Liew, K.M., Reddy, J.N.: Postbuckling of carbon nanotube reinforced functionally graded plates with edges elastically restrained against translation and rotation under axial compression. Comput. Method Appl. Mech. Eng. 298, 1–28 (2016)
Lei, Z.X., Zhang, L.W., Liew, K.M.: Analysis of laminated CNT reinforced functionally graded plates using the element-free kp-Ritz method. Compos. Part B Eng. 84, 211–221 (2016)
Zhang, L.W., Song, Z.G., Liew, K.M.: Optimal shape control of CNT reinforced functionally graded composite plates using piezoelectric patches. Compos. Part B Eng. 85, 140–149 (2016)
Seidel, G.D., Lagoudas, D.C.: Micromechanical analysis of the effective elastic properties of carbon nanotube reinforced composites. Mech. Mater. 38, 884–907 (2006)
Fidelus, J.D., Wiesel, E., Gojny, F.H., Schulte, K., Wagner, H.D.: Thermo-mechanical properties of randomly oriented carbon/epoxy nanocomposites. Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 36, 1555–1561 (2005)
Esawi, A.M.K., Farag, M.M.: Carbon nanotube reinforced composites: potential and current challenges. Mater. Des. 28, 2394–2401 (2007)
Reddy, J.N., Asce, M.: Exact solutions of moderately thick laminated shells. J. Eng. Mech. 110, 794–809 (1984)
Amabili, M.: Nonlinear Vibrations and Stability of Shells and Plates. Cambridge University Press, New York (2008)
Kiani, Y., Akbarzadeh, A.H., Chen, Z.T., Eslami, M.R.: Static and dynamic analysis of an FGM doubly curved panel resting on the Pasternak-type elastic foundation. Compos. Struct. 94, 474–484 (2012)
Fazelzadeh, S.A., Pouresmaeeli, S., Ghavanloo, E.: Aeroelastic characteristics of functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite plates under a supersonic flow. Comput. Method. Appl. Mech. Eng. 285, 714–729 (2015)
Zhu, P., Lei, Z.X., Liew, K.M.: Static and free vibration analyses of carbon nanotube-reinforced composite plates using finite element method with first order shear deformation plate theory. Compos. Struct. 94, 1450–1460 (2012)
Alijani, F., Amabili, M., Bakhtiari-Nejad, F.: Thermal effects on nonlinear vibrations of functionally graded doubly curved shells using higher order shear deformation theory. Compos. Struct. 93, 2541–2553 (2011)
Matsunaga, H.: Free vibration and stability of functionally graded shallow shells according to a 2-D higher-order deformation theory. Compos. Struct. 84, 132–146 (2008)
Chorfi, S.M., Houmat, A.: Nonlinear free vibration of a functionally graded doubly curved shallow shell of elliptical plan-form. Compos. Struct. 92, 2573–2581 (2010)
Liew, K.M., Lim, C.W.: Vibration of doubly-curved shallow shells. Acta Mech. 114, 95–119 (1996)
Kuttler, J.R., Sigillito, V.G.: On curve veering. J. Sound Vib. 75, 585–588 (1981)
Perkins, N.C., Mote Jr., C.D.: Comments on curve veering in eigenvalue problems. J. Sound Vib. 106, 451–463 (1986)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pouresmaeeli, S., Fazelzadeh, S.A. Frequency analysis of doubly curved functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite panels. Acta Mech 227, 2765–2794 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00707-016-1647-9
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00707-016-1647-9