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Mechanochemically prepared BiOCl nanoplates for removal of rhodamine B and pentachlorophenol

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Abstract

BiOCl was synthesized using bismuth nitrate pentahydrate and sodium chloride via ball milling for 15 (B15), 30 (B30), and 60 (B60) min. Scanning electron microscopy studies revealed the isolated nanoplate morphology for B15, an aggregated structure composed of nanoplates for B30, and a special three-dimensional morphology for B60. The X-ray diffraction patterns showed the purity and crystallinity of the products improved by increasing the milling time. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, and nitrogen adsorption–desorption analysis using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller technique were also used to study the products. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy studies revealed the band gap value of 3.27 eV for B30, B60 and a narrow band gap of 2.77 eV for B15. Photocatalytic studies toward rhodamine B degradation confirmed that the narrow band gap B15 was a stable and recyclable photocatalyst with the highest activity among the products. The effects of factors such as oxygen vacancies, surface defects, morphology, and band gap of products on the photocatalytic activities were studied. Comparison of rhodamine B and pentachlorophenol photodegradation processes revealed that both direct and indirect (dye-photosensitized) photocatalytic pathways could influence the removal results.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Iran University of Science and Technology, the Research Council of Sharif University of Technology, and Iran Nanotechnology Initiative Council for financial support of the work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, 16846-13114, Tehran, Iran

    Azadeh Tadjarodi, Keyvan Bijanzad & Mohammad Moghaddasi Khiavi

  2. Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11155-9161, Tehran, Iran

    Omid Akhavan

  3. Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 14588-89694, Tehran, Iran

    Omid Akhavan

Authors
  1. Azadeh Tadjarodi
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  2. Omid Akhavan
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  3. Keyvan Bijanzad
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Correspondence to Azadeh Tadjarodi.

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Tadjarodi, A., Akhavan, O., Bijanzad, K. et al. Mechanochemically prepared BiOCl nanoplates for removal of rhodamine B and pentachlorophenol. Monatsh Chem 147, 685–696 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00706-015-1534-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00706-015-1534-4

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