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Optimization of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with high performance liquid chromatography for the analysis of dipyridamole in water and urine samples

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Abstract

Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction with high performance liquid chromatography and response surface methodology was developed for preconcentration and determination of dipyridamole in water and urine samples. The effects of different factors on the extraction efficiency were studied simultaneously using experimental design. The variables of interest in the process were extraction and disperser solvent volumes, salt effect, sample volume, centrifuge time, centrifuge speed, and extraction time. An orthogonal array design was performed for screening of variables to determine the significant variables affecting the extraction efficiency. Then, the significant factors were optimized using a fractional factorial design. The optimum experimental conditions found from this statistical evaluation included: sample volume 4 cm3, volume of extraction solvent (chloroform) 60 mm3, volume of disperser solvent (methanol) 0.5 cm3, sodium chloride concentration 2 × 10−4 g cm−3, extraction time 1 min, centrifuge speed 2000 rpm, and centrifuge time 5 min. The method was validated over a concentration range of 4–700 µg dm−3 for urine sample and 0.4–700 µg dm−3 for water sample. The proposed method showed good agreement between the experimental data and predictive value, and it has been successfully employed to determine dipyridamole in water and urine samples.

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Acknowledgments

The author would like to thank Payame Noor University of Ardabil for their support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, P. O. Box 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran

    Maryam Rouhi & Eslam Pourbasheer

  2. Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tehran, P. O. Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran

    Mohammad Reza Ganjali

  3. Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Mohammad Reza Ganjali

Authors
  1. Maryam Rouhi
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  2. Eslam Pourbasheer
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  3. Mohammad Reza Ganjali
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Correspondence to Eslam Pourbasheer.

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Rouhi, M., Pourbasheer, E. & Ganjali, M.R. Optimization of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with high performance liquid chromatography for the analysis of dipyridamole in water and urine samples. Monatsh Chem 146, 1593–1601 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00706-015-1442-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00706-015-1442-7

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