Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Correlation of viral load with bone marrow and hematological changes in pale patients with chronic hepatitis C virus

  • Brief Report
  • Published:
Archives of Virology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Liver is considered the target of hepatitis C virus (HCV), which has marked tropism for hepatocytes. In this study, we investigated changes in bone marrow (BM) and blood and their correlation with viremia level in 30 pale patients with chronic HCV who were selected before antiviral therapy. Patients with BM positive for HCV RNA (53.33 %) showed moderate to high viremia, while patients with BM negative for RNA (46.67 %) had low viremia. There was no significant difference in the liver histopathology between patients with HCV-RNA-negative and positive BM. Patients with BM positive for HCV RNA showed significant changes in BM cells, including the degree of immune complex deposition and alterations in peripheral blood counts compared to patients with BM negative for RNA and healthy controls, suggesting that BM changes could be a sequel or a reservoir for HCV viremia.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

References

  1. Ishii K, Iijima S, Kimura N et al (2007) GBV-B as a pleiotropic virus: distribution of GBV-B in extrahepatic tissues in vivo. Microbes Infect 9(4):515–521

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Vashakidze E, Kiladze L, Gegeshidze T (2005) Hemopoetic organs damage syndrome in patients with chronic viral hepatitis. Georgian Med News 119:49–51

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Pellicano R, Leone N, Maiocco IA et al (1999) Chronic HCV hepatopathy and cryoglobulinemia. The associated clinical spectrum. Minerva Med 90(1–2):1–5

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Blackard JT, Kemmer N, Sherman KE (2006) Extrahepatic replication of HCV: insights into clinical manifestations and biological consequences. Hepatology 44(1):15–22

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Radkowski M, Kubicka J, Kisiel E et al (2000) Detection of active hepatitis C virus and hepatitis G virus/GB virus C replication in bone marrow in human subjects. Blood 95(12):3986–3989

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Lerat H, Rumin S, Habersetzer F et al (1998) In vivo tropism of hepatitis C virus genomic sequences in hematopoietic cells: influence of viral load, viral genotype, and cell phenotype. Blood 91(10):3841–3849

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Tedeschi A, Baratè C, Minola E, Morra E (2007) Cryoglobulinemia. Blood Rev 21(4):183–200

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Kaiser P, Niederost B, Joos B et al (2006) Equal amounts of intracellular and virion-enclosed hepatitis C virus RNA are associated with peripheral-blood mononuclear cells in vivo. J Infect Dis 194(12):1713–1723

    Google Scholar 

  9. Hibbs JR, Issaragrisil S, Young NS (1992) HCV High prevalence of hepatitis C viremia among aplastic anemia patients and controls from Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg 46(5):564–570

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Riazantseva NV, Beloborodova EI, Novitskiĭ VV et al (2003) Hematological masks of chronic viral hepatitis. Ter Arkh 75(11):28–31

    Google Scholar 

  11. Balan V, Schwartz D, Wu GY et al (2005) HCV Natural History Study Group. Erythropoietic response to anemia in chronic hepatitis C patients receiving combination pegylated interferon/ribavirin. Am J Gastroenterol 100(2):299–307

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. METAVIR Cooperative Group (1994) Inter-and intra-observer variation in the assessment of liver biopsy of chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 20:15–20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Kawamura A (1969) Fluorescent antibody technique and their applications, 1st edn, vol. 4. University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, p 65

    Google Scholar 

  14. Laskus T, Radkowski M, Wilkinson J, Vargas H, Rakela J (2002) The origin of hepatitis C virus reinfecting transplanted livers: serum-derived versus peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived virus. J Infect Dis 185(4):417–421

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Asselah T, Boudjema H, Francoz C et al (2006) Hepatitis C and liver transplantation: fibrosis progression and treatment or how to improve management. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 30(11):1281–1295

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Wang CC, Morishima C, Chung M et al (2006) High serum hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA load predicts the presence of HCV RNA in saliva from individuals with chronic and acute HCV infection. J Infect Dis 193(5):672–676

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Maggi F, Giorgio M, Fornai C et al (1999) Detection and quasispecies analysis of hepatitis C virus in the cerebrospinal fluid of infected patients. J Neurovirol 5(3):319–323

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. David R, Jhonson YN (1997) Pathogenesis of hepatocellular damage in chronic hepatitis C virus infection. In: Clinics in liver disease. Hepatitis C, vol. 1(3). WB Saundes Company, Philadelphia, p 515

  19. Sansonno D, Tucci FA, Lauletta G et al (2007) Hepatitis C virus productive infection in mononuclear cells from patients with cryoglobulinemia. Clin Exp Immunol 147(2):241–248

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Sansonno D, Iacobelli AR, Cornacchiulo V, Iodice G, Dammacco F (1996) Detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) proteins by immunofluorescence and HCV RNA genomic sequences by non-isotopic in situ hybridization in bone marrow and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of chronically HCV-infected patients. Clin Exp Immunol 103(3):414–421

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Sansonno D, Dammacco F (2005) Hepatitis C virus, cryoglobulinemia, and vasculitis: immune complex relations. Lancet Infect Dis 5(4):227–236

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Mahrous S, Abdel-Monem A, Mangoud A et al (2004) Haematologial manifestations in HCV infected patients at Sharkia Governerate, Egypt. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 34(1 Suppl):417–428

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Peters M, Trippler M, Löhr HH et al (1995) Post transfusional, LKM-1-autoantibody-positive hepatitis C virus infection, cryoglobulinemia, and aplastic anemia. Dig Dis Sci 40(4):763–773

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Sansonno D, Lotesoriere C, Cornacchiulo V et al (1998) Hepatitis C virus infection involves CD34 (+) hematopoietic progenitor cells in hepatitis C virus chronic carriers. Blood 92(9):3328–3337

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Bethlen S, Chandrikakumari K, de Leval L, Giot JB, Mukeba D, Leonard P, Frippiat F, Meuris C, Delwaide J, Moutschen M (2008) Chronic hepatitis C infection in a patient with bone marrow hypoplasia. World J Gastroenterol 14(26):4238–4240

    Google Scholar 

  26. Ohki I, Dan K, Kuriya S, Nomura TA (1988) Study on the mechanism of anemia and leukopenia in liver cirrhosis. Jpn J Med 27(2):155–159

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Gruber A, Grillner L, Norder H, Magnius L, Björkholm M (1993) Severe aplastic anemia associated with seronegative community-acquired hepatitis C virus infection. Ann Hematol 66(3):157–159

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Sing GK, Prior S, Fernan A, Cooksley G (1993) Hepatitis B virus differentially suppresses myelopoiesis and displays tropism for immature hematopoietic cells. J Virol 67(6):3454–3460

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Baranski B, Armstrong G, Truman JT et al (1988) Epstein-Barr virus in the bone marrow of patients with aplastic anemia. Ann Intern Med 109(9):695–704

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Raskin RE (1996) Myelopoiesis and myeloproliferative disorders. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 26(5):1023–1042. (Review)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Weksler BB (2007) Review article: the pathophysiology of thrombocytopenia in hepatitis C virus infection and chronic liver disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 26(Suppl 1):13–19

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Hansen PB, Lauritzen AM (2005) Aplastic anemia successfully treated with rituximab. Aplastic anemia successfully treated with rituximab. Am J Hematol 80(4):292–294

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Crovatto M, Pozzato G, Zorat F et al (2000) Peripheral blood neutrophils from hepatitis C virus-infected patients are replication sites of the virus. Haematologica 85(4):356–361

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. El-Barbary MA, Saad AE, Attia FM et al (2010) Thrombocytopenia in patients with chronic hepatitis C: a possible role of HCV on platelet progenitor cell maturation. Angiology 61(3):304–313

    Google Scholar 

  35. Pal S, Sullivan DG, Kim S et al (2006) Productive replication of hepatitis C virus inperihepatic lymph nodes in vivo: implications of HCV lymphotropism. Gastroenterology 131(2):685–686

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Zellos A, Thomas DL, Mocilnikar C et al (1999) High viral load and mild liver injury in children with hemophilia compared with other children with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 29(4):418–423

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Kannangai R, Vivekanandan P, Netski D et al (2007) Liver enzyme flares and occult hepatitis B in persons with chronic hepatitis C infection. J Clin Virol 39(2):101–105

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Adinolfi LE, Utili R, Andreana A et al (2001) Serum HCV RNA levels correlate with histological liver damage and concur with steatosis in progression of chronic hepatitis C. Dig Dis Sci 46(8):1677–1683

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Furione M, Maserati R, Gatti M et al (2004) Dissociation of serum and liver hepatitis C virus RNA levels in patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus and treated with antiretroviral drugs. J Clin Microbiol 7(42):3012–3016

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Berg T, Müller AR, Platz KP et al (1999) Dynamics of GB virus C viremia early After orthotopic liver transplantation indicates extrahepatic tissues as the predominant site of GB virus C replication. Hepatology 29(1):245–249

    Google Scholar 

  41. KlcoJM, Geng B, Brunt EM et al (2010) Bone marrow biopsy in patients with hepatitis C virus infection: spectrum of findings and diagnostic utility. Am J Hematol 85(2):106–110

  42. Clark DA, Nacheva EP, Leong HN et al (2006) Transmission of integrated human herpes virus 6 through stem cell transplantation: implications for laboratory diagnosis. J Infect Dis 193(7):912–916

    Google Scholar 

  43. Pawełczyk A, Polańska M, Kisiel E et al (2009) Replication of HCV in bone marrow of patients with haematological disorders. Przegl Epidemiol 63(1):29–33

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. El-Sayed MH, El-Haddad A, Fahmy OA, Salama II, Mahmoud HK (2004) Liver disease is a major cause of mortality following allogeneic bone-marrow transplantation. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 16(12):1347–1354

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Bethlen S, Chandrikakumari K, de Leval L et al (2008) Chronic hepatitis C infection in a patient with bone marrow hypoplasia. World J Gastroenterol 14(26):4238–4240

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt

    Abdel Raouf Abou El Azm, Hassan El-Bate & Lobna Abo-Ali

  2. Department of Clinical Pathology, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt

    Nagwa Mansour

  3. Department of Pathology, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt

    Hussin Ghoraba

  4. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Immunology and Biotechnology Unit, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt

    Mohamed Labib Salem

Authors
  1. Abdel Raouf Abou El Azm
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hassan El-Bate
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Lobna Abo-Ali
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Nagwa Mansour
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Hussin Ghoraba
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Mohamed Labib Salem
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohamed Labib Salem.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Abou El Azm, A.R., El-Bate, H., Abo-Ali, L. et al. Correlation of viral load with bone marrow and hematological changes in pale patients with chronic hepatitis C virus. Arch Virol 157, 1579–1586 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-012-1321-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-012-1321-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation