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Features of clouds and convection during the pre- and post-onset periods of the Asian summer monsoon

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Abstract

The statistical characteristics of the vertical structure of clouds in the Asian summer monsoon region are investigated using two CloudSat standard products (Geometrical Profiling Product (GEOPROF) and GEOPROF-lidar) during the pre- and post-onset periods of the Asian summer monsoon, from April to August in 2007–2010. The characteristics of the vertical structure of clouds are analyzed and compared for different underlying surfaces in four subregions during this period. Also analyzed are the evolution of precipitation and hydrometeors with the northward advance of the Asian summer monsoon, and different hydrometeor characteristics attributed to the underlying surface features. The results indicate that the vertical cloud amounts increase significantly after the summer monsoon onset; this increase occurs first in the upper troposphere and then at lower altitudes over tropical regions (South Asian and tropical Northwest Pacific regions). The heights of the cloud top ascend, and the vertical height between the top and the base of the whole cloud increases. Single-layer (SL) and double-layer (DL) hydrometeors contribute over half and one third of the cloudiness in these 5 months (April to August), respectively. The multilayer frequencies increase in four different regions, and cloud layer depths (CLD) increase after the summer monsoon onset. These changes are stronger in tropical regions than in subtropical regions, while the vertical distance between cloud layers (VDCL) deceases in tropical regions and increases in subtropical regions.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to acknowledge the CloudSat and CALIPSO science teams and engineers, whose efforts and dedication made this study possible. This work was supported by the NSFC (Nos 91337215, 91437217, 41275061, 41471034), China National Basic Research Programme (2013CBA01808). We thank the Meteorology Information Center of the Chinese Meteorology Administration (CMA) for providing observation data, and Gansu Province Super-Computer Center for providing our work environment. We are grateful to Dr. Gerd Bürger for helping to improve the English in the manuscript. We also thank the anonymous reviewer whose suggestions contributed to considerable improvements of the paper.

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  1. Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Disaster Reduction of Gansu Province, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, China

    Yi Wang & Chenghai Wang

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  1. Yi Wang
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  2. Chenghai Wang
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Correspondence to Chenghai Wang.

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Wang, Y., Wang, C. Features of clouds and convection during the pre- and post-onset periods of the Asian summer monsoon. Theor Appl Climatol 123, 551–564 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-015-1372-7

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