Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system are characterized by pathogenetic cellular and molecular changes in specific areas of the brain that lead to the dysfunction and/or loss of explicit neuronal populations. Despite exhibiting different clinical profiles and selective neuronal loss, common features such as abnormal protein deposition, dysfunctional cellular transport, mitochondrial deficits, glutamate excitotoxicity, iron accumulation and inflammation are observed in many neurodegenerative disorders, suggesting converging pathways of neurodegeneration. We have generated comparative genome-wide gene expression data, using the Illumina HumanRef 8 Beadchip, for Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, and schizophrenia using an extensive cohort (n = 113) of well-characterized post-mortem brain tissues. The analysis of whole-genome expression patterns across these major disorders offers an outstanding opportunity not only to look into exclusive disease-specific changes, but more importantly to look for potential common molecular pathogenic mechanisms. Surprisingly, no dysregulated gene that passed our selection criteria was found in common across all six diseases. However, 61 dysregulated genes were shared when comparing five and four diseases. The few genes highlighted by our direct gene comparison analysis hint toward common neuronal homeostatic, survival and synaptic plasticity pathways. In addition, we report changes to several inflammation-related genes in all diseases. This work is supportive of a general role of the innate immune system in the pathogenesis and/or response to neurodegeneration.
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Acknowledgments
We would like to thank all the tissue donors and their families. Also, we are grateful to Veronique Sazdovitch and Kasztner Magdolna for technical assistance and Dr Isidro Ferrer for provision of tissues from the Institute of Neuropathology in Barcelona. This study was supported by the European Community under the Sixth Framework Programme (BrainNet Europe II, LSHM-CT-2004-503039). This paper reflects only the authors’ views, and the Community is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. The Multiple Sclerosis and Parkinson’s Disease Tissue Banks at Imperial were supported by the MS Society of Great Britain and the Parkinson’s UK, respectively.
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P. F. Durrenberger, F. S. Fernando authors contributed equally to the study and are considered first authors.
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Durrenberger, P.F., Fernando, F.S., Kashefi, S.N. et al. Common mechanisms in neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation: a BrainNet Europe gene expression microarray study. J Neural Transm 122, 1055–1068 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-014-1293-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00702-014-1293-0