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An initial investigation of the taxonomic status of Saussurea esthonica Baer ex Rupr. utilising DNA markers and sequencing

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Abstract

Saussurea esthonica Baer ex Rupr. is a species of the genus Saussurea that is found in Estonia, Latvia and the Leningrad region in Russia. Only two populations have been identified in Latvia, and it is protected at the national level. The taxonomic relationships within this genus are unclear, and the majority of phylogenetic studies of this genus have been undertaken on species found in Asia. The relationship of S. esthonica to the other Saussurea species is equally unclear, with some suggestions that this species should be regarded as a subspecies of S. alpina. Two different molecular marker techniques, iPBS and ITS sequencing, were utilised to investigate the phylogeny of S. esthonica and its relationship with other Saussurea species, including three European species: S. alpina, S. pygmaea and S. discolor. The phylogeny obtained with the iPBS markers was similar to that obtained with the ITS sequences. The phylogenies obtained were broadly consistent with previous morphological classification, with S. alpina, S. esthonica and S. discolor clustering together. S. pulchella, S. albescens and S. candicans also formed one discrete cluster. The taxonomic status of S. esthonica was not unambiguously determined, with Norwegian and Italian S. alpina populations clustering with Latvian and Estonian S. esthonica populations, and the Austrian S. alpina populations clustering with Austrian S. discolor populations.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. Malle Leht from the Estonian University of Life Sciences for assistance in collecting leaf material in Estonia; Dr. Dace Klavina from the National Botanic Garden for support; Anita Roze, the National Botanic Garden seed exchange curator, for help in seed ordering; Dace Auzenbaha from the Latvian State Forest Research Institute “Silava” Plant Physiology Laboratory for technical support; and Bundesgarden (Austria), Reykjavik HB (Iceland), Bonn HBU (Germany), Graz HBU (Austria), Šiauliai HBU (Lithuania), Okamoto Ofuna HB (Japan), HB Alpino Paradisia (Italy), Göteborg HB (Sweden), Vladivostok HBA (Russia), Torino HBU direction de "Chanousia" (Italy), HB Tallinnensis (Estonia), Botanical Garden P. J. Šafárik University (Slovakia), St. Petersburg HBIB (Russia), University of Oslo, the BG (Norway) and HB Akureyri (Iceland) for supplying seeds. The authors also thank Angelika Voronova-Petrova and Anna Korica for technical assistance in laboratory work. This work was supported by the European Social Fund within the project "Support for Doctoral Studies at the University of Latvia".

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Genetic Resource Centre, Latvian State Forest Research Institute “Silava”, Rigas st. 111, Salaspils, 2169, Latvia

    Agnese Gailite & Dainis Rungis

  2. Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Kronvalda Bulv. 4, Riga, 1586, Latvia

    Agnese Gailite

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  1. Agnese Gailite
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  2. Dainis Rungis
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Correspondence to Dainis Rungis.

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Gailite, A., Rungis, D. An initial investigation of the taxonomic status of Saussurea esthonica Baer ex Rupr. utilising DNA markers and sequencing. Plant Syst Evol 298, 913–919 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-012-0600-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-012-0600-1

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