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Distribution of scalariform and simple perforation plates within the vessel network in secondary xylem of Araliaceae and its implications for wood evolution

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Abstract

The distribution of scalariform and simple perforation plates along vessels in Arthrophyllum otopyrenum, Meryta tenuifolia, and Polyscias multijuga (Araliaceae) is examined. In all three species, most vessels bear simple perforation plates only, but the combination of simple and scalariform perforation plates in variable ratios also occurs. Aggregated arrangement of scalariform perforation plates along the vessels was statistically confirmed in some vessel portions. The scalariform perforation plates occur mostly in narrow vessels that are grouped in multiples. Within the clade represented by Polyscias and Arthrophyllum, the evolutionary transition from scalariform to simple perforation plates is realized as the gradual elimination of vessels or vessel portions with scalariform perforation plates, but is not accompanied by a gradual decrease of the number of bars per perforation plate. The narrow vessels that are grouped in vessel multiples are likely to retain the ability to develop scalariform plates, which could promote the evolution from simple to scalariform perforation plates as is the case within Meryta.

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Acknowledgments

Research conducted by the first author was supported by an International Incoming Short Visit from the Royal Society (2006/R1) and from the Russian Foundation of Basic Research (RFFI, no. 06-04-48003a). Financial support to SJ was provided by a NERC grant (NE/E001122/1). We acknowledge Pete Lowry (Missouri Botanical Garden, St Louis, and Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris) for obtaining the wood samples, Natalia S. Rostova (St Petersburg State University) and Vladislav I. Vasilevich (Komarov Botanical Institute, St Petersburg) for their valuable consultations on statistical methods, and Annelies Pletsers (Jodrell Laboratory) for assistance with applying the resin casting technique, and anonymous reviewers for their useful comments to this paper.

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  1. Komarov Botanical Institute, Professor Popov str. 2, 197376, St Petersburg, Russia

    Alexei A. Oskolski

  2. Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3D5, UK

    Steven Jansen

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Correspondence to Alexei A. Oskolski.

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Oskolski, A.A., Jansen, S. Distribution of scalariform and simple perforation plates within the vessel network in secondary xylem of Araliaceae and its implications for wood evolution. Plant Syst Evol 278, 43–51 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-008-0130-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-008-0130-z

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