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Amino-functionalized silica nanoparticles for improved enantiomeric separation in capillary electrophoresis using carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin (CM-β-CD) as a chiral selector

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Abstract

We report on the use of amino-modified silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) as an additive to the background electrolyte solution to enhance the chiral selectivity of in capillary electrophoresis that is induced by the presence of a small quantity of carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin (CM-β-CD). The modified SiNPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, elemental analysis and their zeta potential. The method was applied to the separation of four alkaline drugs (ephedrine, chlorpheniramine, propranolol and amlodipine). The addition of the modified SiNPs to the background electrolyte results in a distinct improvement in the separation power, especially when the capillary was pretreated with high concentration of particle suspensions prior to separation. The effects of fractions of modified SiNPs and organic modifier, of the thickness of the SiNP coating layer on the capillary wall were investigated. Under optimum experimental conditions, all the racemates investigated were separated with improved resolution, thus indicating the potential of the method in the field of enantiomeric separation.

SEM images of bare capillary wall, being pretreated with HCNPs for three times and the electropherograms of the enantioseparation of amlodipine. Experimental conditions: 30 mM phosphatebackground electrolyte (pH 5.0) containing 6.45 × 10−2 mmol L−1 CM-β-CD on bare capillary column (left); 30 mM phosphate background electrolyte (pH 5.0) containing 6.45 × 10−2 mmol L−1 CM-β-CD, with 0.3 mg mL−1 NH2-NPs added on HCNPs coating capillary column (right). Detection wavelength, 214 nm; injection, 10 kV × 2 s; separated voltage, +10 kV

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Abbreviations

CE:

Capillary electrophoresis

CEC:

Capillary electrochromatography

CM-β-CD:

Carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin

DDW:

Double-distilled water

EOF:

Electroosmotic flow

HCNPs:

High concentration NPs

HP-β-CD:

Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin

HPLC:

High performance liquid chromatography

NPs:

Nanoparticles

NH2-SiNPs:

Monoamino moiety modified silica nanoparticles

PSPs:

Pseudo-stationary phases

Rs:

Resolution

SiNPs:

Silica nanoparticles

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Acknowledgments

Financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China (21275081 and 21005054) and National Basic Research Program of China (2011CB707703) is gratefully acknowledged.

Conflict of interest

The authors have declared no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, People’s Republic of China

    Zi-Shan Gong, Lan-Ping Duan & An-Na Tang

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  1. Zi-Shan Gong
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  2. Lan-Ping Duan
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  3. An-Na Tang
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Correspondence to An-Na Tang.

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Gong, ZS., Duan, LP. & Tang, AN. Amino-functionalized silica nanoparticles for improved enantiomeric separation in capillary electrophoresis using carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin (CM-β-CD) as a chiral selector. Microchim Acta 182, 1297–1304 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-015-1449-0

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