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Levels of adiponectin and leptin at onset of type 1 diabetes have changed over time in children and adolescents

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Abstract

Adiponectin and leptin are proteins secreted by the adipose tissue and have an influence on insulin sensitivity and on inflammatory markers. Altered levels could play a part in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus. We determined adiponectin and leptin levels over a nine-year period in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) in relation to the increasing incidence of T1D, and studied the impact of patient status, age, gender and body mass index (BMI). Data were derived from a population-based registry of diabetic children (DanDiabKids) from 1997 to 2005. Children with newly diagnosed T1D (n = 482) were included, and healthy siblings (n = 479) were chosen as a control group. Leptin levels were significantly higher in recent years (in both patients and siblings), whereas for adiponectin, the levels were lower in recent years in the patient group. Leptin levels were lower in children with T1D (RR 0.74, p = 0.003) and in males (RR 0.52, p < 0.001) and increasing with age in both groups. For adiponectin, there was a negative association between level and age in patients. Both adipokines showed a significant correlation with BMI and lower levels in children with blood samples taken within the first 2 days after initiation of insulin treatment. There has been a change in leptin and adiponectin levels in children with or without T1D from 1997 to 2005. This is not explained by changes in BMI and may reflect changes in other factors like diet or physical activity.

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Acknowledgments

The DSBD Biobank is funded by Grants from the Danish Medical Research Council (271-07-0657) and the Danish Diabetes Association. This study was funded by the Aase and Ejnar Danielsens Foundation, Copenhagen Municipality and the Danish Diabetes Association.

Conflict of interest

Narges Safai, Stefanie Eising, David Michael Hougaard, Henrik Bindesbøl Mortensen, Kristin Skogstrand, Flemming Pociot, Jesper Johannesen and Jannet Svensson declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Human and animal rights

All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008.

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Informed consent was obtained from all patients before being included in the study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Steno Diabetes Center, Niels Steensens Vej 2, 2820, Gentofte, Denmark

    Narges Safai

  2. Hørup Lægehus, 6470, Sydals, Denmark

    Stefanie Eising

  3. Center for Neonatal Screening, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Immunology and Genetics, Statens Serum Institut, Artillerivej 5, 2300, Copenhagen, Denmark

    David Michael Hougaard & Kristin Skogstrand

  4. Herlev Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, University of Copenhagen, Herlev Ringvej 75, 2730, Herlev, Denmark

    Henrik Bindesbøl Mortensen, Flemming Pociot, Jesper Johannesen & Jannet Svensson

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  1. Narges Safai
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Correspondence to Narges Safai.

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Safai, N., Eising, S., Hougaard, D.M. et al. Levels of adiponectin and leptin at onset of type 1 diabetes have changed over time in children and adolescents. Acta Diabetol 52, 167–174 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-014-0630-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-014-0630-y

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