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Oxidative stress and antioxidant status in patients with late-onset gestational diabetes mellitus

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Abstract

The relationship between late-onset gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM] and oxidative stress is not well known, and the importance of the oxidant/antioxidant equilibrium in the clinical evolution and its complications require elucidation. The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationships between maternal levels of markers of oxidative stress in women with late-onset GDM that, potentially, may have considerable clinical implications in the pathogenesis and/or the evolution of GDM. Pregnant women (n = 78; 53 with GDM, 25 controls), between the 24th and 29th week of gestation, were enrolled. Both groups were analysed for demographic data, perinatal and obstetrics outcomes together with the levels of the marker’s oxidative stress and antioxidant status. Control versus patient results in the univariate analysis were the following: pre-gestational body mass index [BMI] 23.31 ± 4.2 vs. 27.13 ± 4.6 kg/m2 (P = 0.001); weeks at delivery 39.2 ± 3.05 vs. 38.9 ± 1.8 (P = 0.09); Caesarean delivery 12.5 vs. 43% (P = 0.004); macrosomia 4 vs. 9.4% (P = 0.6); lipoperoxides [LPO] 2.06 ± 1.00 vs. 3.14 ± 1.55 μmol/mg (P = 0.001); catalase 3.23 ± 1.41 vs. 2.52 ± 1.3 nmol/min/ml (P = 0.03); superoxide dismutase [SOD] 0.11 ± 0.04 vs. 0.08 ± 0.01 U/ml (P = 0.0003); glutathione peroxidase [GPX] 0.03 ± 0.006 vs. 0.025 ± 0.006 nmol/min/ml (P = 0.01); glutathione reductase [GSH] 0.004 ± 0.002 vs. 0.004 ± 0.004 nmol/min/ml (P = 0.9)]; and glutathione transferase [GST] 0.0025 ± 0.0012 vs. 0.0027 ± 0.00017 nmol/min/ml (P = 0.7). Multivariate analysis showed catalase might have a protective effect against GDM development and LPO seems to be a risk factor for the disease. These data suggest an increase in oxidative stress and a decrease in antioxidative defence in women with late-onset GDM and, as such, may have considerable clinical implications in the pathogenesis and/or the course of the pregnancy in these patients.

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Abbreviations

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

BMI:

Body mass index

DMT1:

Diabetes mellitus type 1

DMT2:

Diabetes mellitus type 2

BPD :

Diastolic blood pressure

GDM:

Gestational diabetes mellitus

GPX:

Glutathione peroxidase

GSH:

Glutathione reductase

GST:

Glutathione transferase

LGA:

Large-for-gestational age

LPO:

Lipoperoxides

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

MetS:

Metabolic syndrome

NF-kB:

Nuclear factor-kB

OR:

Odds ratio

ROS:

Reactive oxidative substances

SD:

Standard deviation

SE:

Standard error

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

BPS :

Systolic blood pressure

TBARS:

Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances

TAC:

Total antioxidant capacity

TG:

Triglycerides

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Acknowledgments

This study was financed, in part, by grants from the Andalusia Department of Health (CTS-368).

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest that would prejudice the impartiality of this scientific work. Editorial assistance was by Dr Peter R Turner.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain

    Cristina López-Tinoco, Amor García-Valero, Carmen Segundo & Manuel Aguilar-Diosdado

  2. Department of Gynaecoloy, Hospital Puerta del Mar, Cádiz, Spain

    José L. Bartha

  3. Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain

    Mar Roca, Mora Murri & Francisco J. Tinahones

  4. Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Puerta del Mar, Av. Ana de Viya 21, 11009, Cádiz, Spain

    Manuel Aguilar-Diosdado

Authors
  1. Cristina López-Tinoco
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  2. Mar Roca
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  3. Amor García-Valero
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  4. Mora Murri
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  5. Francisco J. Tinahones
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  6. Carmen Segundo
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  7. José L. Bartha
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  8. Manuel Aguilar-Diosdado
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Correspondence to Manuel Aguilar-Diosdado.

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López-Tinoco, C., Roca, M., García-Valero, A. et al. Oxidative stress and antioxidant status in patients with late-onset gestational diabetes mellitus. Acta Diabetol 50, 201–208 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-011-0264-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00592-011-0264-2

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