Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Hematological variables of the Pêga donkey (Equus asinus) breed: influence of age and sex

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Comparative Clinical Pathology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Appropriate hematological reference intervals mitigate the risk of unnecessary investigations and failures on disease diagnosis. Species, breed, environment, handling, and physiologic stage could influence hematological variables. In this context, there is a lack of hematological reference intervals for Pêga donkeys, an important Brazilian asinine breed. This study aimed to establish hematological reference values for Pêga donkeys and determine the influence of age and sex on these variables. The complete blood count of samples collected from 110 animals, 79 females and 31 males was performed, maintained under field conditions. The animals under 1 year old (three females and five males) were monitored by collections on the day of birth, on 3rd, 7th, 15th day, and monthly until 12 months of life, while the other donkeys were sampled once. There were differences in several variables analyzed, confirming the requirement of different reference intervals according to age group and sex. Moreover, differences among the values obtained and those of previous studies show a breed influence on the hematological variables of donkeys. For Pêga breed donkeys, animal’s age and sex influence most of the hematological variables. This study can be useful in the clinical routine and serve as basis to other scientific researches related to Pêga donkeys.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. BD Diagnostics—Preanalytical Systems, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

  2. Horiba ABX, Montpellier, Hérault, France

  3. GraphPad Software Inc., San Diego, California, USA

  4. Microsoft, Redmond, Washington, USA

References

  • Ahmed AE, Abdel-Hamid HY, Abdel-Rahim AA, Ismail MN (2007) The influence of age and sex on some blood parameters in healthy donkey in south Valley Egypt. Beni-Suef Vet Med J 5:151–158

    Google Scholar 

  • Al-Busadah KA, Homeida AM (2005) Some physical variables, biochemical and haematological parameters in Hassawi ass. Sci J King Faisal Univ 6(1):145–162

    Google Scholar 

  • Aluja AS, Bouda J, López AC, Chavira HH (2001) Valores bioquímicos en sangre de burros antes y después del trabajo. Vet Mex 32(4):271–278

    Google Scholar 

  • Caldin M, Furlanello T, Solano-Gallego L, Lorenzi D, Carli E, Tasca S, Lubas G (2005) Reference ranges for haematology, biochemical profile and electrophoresis in a single herd of Ragusana donkeys from Sicily (Italy). Comp Clin Pathol 14(1):5–12. doi:10.1007/s00580-005-0544-8

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Campos JM, Viana ES, Ferreira Neto JM (1968) Hemograma do jumento Pêga. Arq Esc Sup Vet EMG 20:55–58

    Google Scholar 

  • Canisso IF, McDonnell SM (2010) Donkey breeding behavior with an emphasis on the Pêga breed. In: Matthews NS, Taylor TS (eds) Veterinary Care of Donkeys. International Veterinary Information Service, Ithaca, p No. A2926.0310

    Google Scholar 

  • Cavalcante PH, Silva ACC, Sakamoto SM, Soto Blanco B (2012) Serum protein fractions in Brazilian breed donkeys using agarose gel electrophoresis. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 36(1):9–12. doi:10.3906/vet-1011-565

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cubeddu GM, Bini PP, Floris B, Carcangiu V, Bomboi G, Pintori G (1991) Hematologic parameters of the white donkeys of Asinara. Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper 67(6):577–584

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dinev D, Khubenov KD (1986) Normal values of the hematological, biochemical and enzymological indices of the donkey. Vet Med Nauki 23(10):69–75

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Etana KM, Jenbere TS, Bojia E, Negussie H (2011) Determination of reference hematological and serum-biochemical values for working donkeys of Ethiopia. Vet Res 4(3):90–94. doi:10.3923/vr.2011.90.94

    Google Scholar 

  • Folch P, Jordana J, Cuenca R (1997) Reference ranges and the influence of age and sex on haematological values of the endangered Catalonian donkey. Vet J 154(2):163–168

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gacek F, Bizutti O, Perdigão de Oliveira FRA, Leão JFS (1973) Eletroferograma das proteínas séricas de jumentos Equus asinus L. normais da raça Brasileira. Bol Ind Anim 30(1):161–171

    Google Scholar 

  • Gacek F, Bizutti O, Perdigão de Oliveira FRA, Leão JFS (1975a) Analyse électrophorétique des protéines sériques d’ânes (Equus asinus L.) normaux de la race Italienne. Arch Vet Ital 26(5–6):189–197

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gacek F, Ferri RG, Bizutti O (1975b) Gamma G(T)-like globuln in ass (Equus asinus L.) serum and its behaviour during pregnancy. Comp Biochem Physiol 50A:565–567

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gameleira J, Sousa RS, Barros IO, Tavares MD, Firmino PR, Souza FJA, Barrêto Júnior RA (2011) Parâmetros hematológicos de asininos (Equus asinus) da raça nordestino. In: 38° Conbravet, Florianópolis, November 1–4 2011

  • Geffre A, Concordet D, Braun JP, Trumel C (2011) Reference Value Advisor: a new freeware set of macroinstructions to calculate reference intervals with Microsoft Excel. Vet Clin Pathol 40(1):107–112. doi:10.1111/j.1939-165X.2011.00287.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Girardi AM, Marques LC, Toledo CZP, Barbosa JC, Maldonado Jr. W, Jorge RLN, Nogueira CAS (2013) Biochemical profile of the Pêga donkey (Equus asinus) breed: influence of age and sex. Comp Clin Pathol:1–7. doi:10.1007/s00580-013-1718-4

  • Godoy RF (2003) Estudo eritroleucométrico e proteinograma do sangue do cordão umbilical e da jugular de equinos e asininos ao nascimento e de suas respectivas mães Dissertation, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal

  • Gravena K, Sampaio RCL, Martins CB, Dias DPM, Orozco CAG, Oliveira JV, Lacerda-Neto JC (2010) Parâmetros hematológicos de jumentas gestantes em diferentes períodos. Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec 62(6):1514–1516

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gul ST, Ahmad M, Khan A, Hussain I (2007) Haemato-biochemical observations in apparently healthy equine species. Pak Vet J 27(4):155–158

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jain NC (1993) Essentials of veterinary hematology. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  • Kerr MG (2002) Veterinary laboratory medicine - clinical biochemistry and haematology, vol 2. Blackwell Science, Oxford. doi:10.1002/9780470690246

    Google Scholar 

  • Lemma A, Moges M (2009) Clinical, hematological and serum biochemical reference values of working donkeys (Equus asinus) owned by transport operators in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Livest Res Rural Dev 21(8):#127

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer DJ, Coles EH, Rich LJ (1995) Medicina de laboratório veterinária: interpretação e diagnóstico. Roca, São Paulo

  • Mori CK, Melo GD, Almeida BFM, Bomfim CAM, Meira C, Kohaygawa A (2010) Bomfim SRM Avaliação hematológica de jumentos (Equus asinus) do nascimento a um ano de idade. In: 1° Simpósio de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal e IX Semana de Divulgação Científica do Curso de Medicina Veterinária da Unesp de Araçatuba-SP, Araçatuba, 2010a. Veterinária e Zootecnia, p 122

  • Mori CK, Melo GD, Ciarlini PC, Perri SHV, Bomfim CAM, Meira C, Kohaygawa A (2010) Bomfim SRM Influência da idade nos níveis de proteína total plasmática em jumentos (Equus asinus). In: 1° Simpósio de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal e IX Semana de Divulgação Científica do Curso de Medicina Veterinária da Unesp de Araçatuba-SP, Araçatuba, 2010b. Veterinária e Zootecnia, p 129

  • Mori E, Fernandes WR, Mirandola RMS, Kubo G, Ferreira RR, Oliveira JV, Gacek F (2003) Reference values on serum biochemical parameters of Brazilian donkey (Equus asinus) breed. J Equine Vet Sci 23(8):358–364

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mori E, Mirandola RMS, Ferreira RR, Oliveira JV, Gacek F, Fernandes WR (2004) Reference values on hematologic parametes of the Brazilian donkey (Equus asinus) breed. J Equine Vet Sci 24(7):271–276. doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2004.06.008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mot T, Mot D, Petruse C, Morar D, Ciulan V, Simiz F, Ciorba G, Panait M (2010) Hematological investigations in donkeys. Lucrari Stiintifice Med Vet 43(1):331–333

    Google Scholar 

  • Nayeri GD (1978) Blood characteristics of the adult donkey. Zentralbl Vet Med A 25(7):541–547

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Orlandi M, Leotta R, Berni P, Curadi MC (1997) Profilo metabolico nell’asino amiatino [Toscana]. Ann Fac Med Vet Pisa 50:47–53

    Google Scholar 

  • Perdigão de Oliveira FRA, Augusto C, Grasso PL, Souza H, Baudet GJA (1974) Eritrograma normal de jumentos Equus asinus das raças Puro-sangue Italiana e Brasileira de 1 a 2 anos de idade. Bol Ind Anim 31(2):325–329

    Google Scholar 

  • Perdigão de Oliveira FRA, Gacek F, Cury L, Augusto C, Leão JFS (1980) Evolução do perfil soro-protéico em asininos e muares, durante o desenvolvimento. Bol Ind Anim 37(2):245–256

    Google Scholar 

  • Perdigão de Oliveira FRA, Gacek F, Leão JFS, Vieira JM, Augusto C (1983) Profile of globulins in the serum of pregnant donkeys. Bol Ind Anim 40(2):219–227

    Google Scholar 

  • Pitel P, Moulin M, Valette JP, Dumontier S, Petit L, Fortier G, Coroucé-Malblanc A (2006) Approche des valeurs hématologiques et biochimiques chez deux races asines. Prat Vet Equine 38(149):19–25

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiss DJ, Wardrop KJ (2010) Schalm’s Veterinary Hematology, 6th edn. Wiley-Blackwell, Ames

    Google Scholar 

  • Zinkl JG, Mae D, Guzman Merida P, Farver TB, Humble JA (1990) Reference ranges and the influence of age and sex on hematologic and serum biochemical values in donkeys (Equus asinus). Am J Vet Res 51(3):408–413

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Thanks to the owners of the animals used in this research, Mr. Octávio Junqueira Leite de Moraes and Mr. Gustavo Figueiredo e Mr. José Roberto Silva. This work was performed with scholarship granted by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP), Process No. 2010/02916-4.

Conflict of interest

The authors have declared no conflict of interests.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, CEP 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil

    Annita Morais Girardi, Luiz Carlos Marques, Carmen Zilda Pereira de Toledo & Eugênio de Campos Filho

Authors
  1. Annita Morais Girardi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Luiz Carlos Marques
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Carmen Zilda Pereira de Toledo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Eugênio de Campos Filho
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Annita Morais Girardi.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Girardi, A.M., Marques, L.C., de Toledo, C.Z.P. et al. Hematological variables of the Pêga donkey (Equus asinus) breed: influence of age and sex. Comp Clin Pathol 24, 335–342 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-014-1905-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-014-1905-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation