Abstract
Blood samples were randomly collected from 110 (40 male and 70 female) 20-week-old healthy ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus), and serum biochemical parameters were investigated. Significant differences in serum total protein, cholesterol, creatinine, total bilirubin, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were found among both males and females. Total protein values were higher in female ring-necked pheasants, whereas the values of cholesterol, creatinine, and ALP were higher in males. No significant sex-based differences were observed for other values.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bounous DI, Wyatt RD, Gibbs PS, Gilburn JV, Quist CF (2000) Normal haematologic and serum biochemical reference for juvenile wild turkeys. J Wildl Dis 36:393–396
Burtis CA, Ashwood ER (1994) Textbook of clinical chemistry, 2nd edn. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 735–888
Campbell TW (2004) Clinical chemistry of birds. In: Thrall MA (ed) Veterinary hematology and clinical chemistry. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, pp 479–492
Coleman JS, Fraser JD, Scanlon PF (1988) Hematocrit and protein concentration of black vulture and turkey vulture blood. Condor 90:937–938
Coles BH (1977) Avian medicine and surgery, 2nd edn. Blackwell, Oxford
Coles EH, Campbell TW (1986) Veterinary clinical pathology, 4th edn. Saunders, Philadelphia, pp 279–291
Ferrer M, Amat JA, Viñuela J (1994) Daily variations of blood chemistry values in the chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antartica) during the Antarctic summer. Comp Biochem Physiol 107A:81–84
Fudge AM (2000) Laboratory medicine-avian and exotic pets. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia, p 486
Garcia-Rodriguez T, Ferrer M, Recio MF, Castroviejo J (1987) Circadian rhythms of determined blood chemistry values in buzzards and eagle owls. Comp Biochem Physiol 88A:663–669
Gylstorff I, Grimm F (1998) Vogelkrankheiten. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart, Germany
Harr KE (2002) Clinical chemistry of companion avian species: a review. Vet Clin Pathol 31(140):151
Hochleithner M (1994) Biochemistries. In: Ritchie BW, Harrison GJ, Harrison LR (eds) Avian medicine: principles and application. Wingers Publishing, Florida, pp 223–245
Itoh N, Moritsu Y, Ichikawa S (1995) Comparison of blood chemical values of Japanese quail, White Leghorns and broiler chickens. J Vet Med Jpn 48:97–101
Jain NC (1993) Essentials of veterinary hematology. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia
Jerabek S, Suchy P, Illek J, Strakova E, Zelenka J (1993) Haematological and biochemical parameters of the blood of hens with damaged and integral shells. Živoč Výr 38:145–151
Kaneko JJ, Harvey JW, Bruss ML (1997) Clinical biochemistry of domestic animals, 5th edn. Academic, California
Khazraiinia P, Saei S, Mohri M, Haddadzadeh HR, Darvisihha HR, Khaki Z (2006) Serum biochemistry of ostrich (Striothio camelus) in Iran. Comp Clin Pathol 15:87–89
Lloyd S, Gibson JS (2006) Haematology and biochemistry in healthy young pheasants and red-legged partridges and effects of spironucleosis on these parameters. Avian Pathol 35:335–340
Lumeij JT, Westerhof I (1987) Blood chemistry for the diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease in birds. A review. Vet Q 9:255–261
Meluzzi A, Promiceri G, Giordani R, Fabrik G (1992) Determination of blood constituents reference values in broilers. Poultry Sci 71:337–345
Nazifi S, Nabinejad A, Sepehrimanesh M, Poorbaghi SL, Farshneshani F, Rahsepar M (2008) Haematology and serum biochemistry of golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) in Iran. Comp Clin Pathol 17:197–201
Ozbey O, Esen F (2007) The effects of breeding systems and stocking density on some blood parameters of rock partridges (Alectoris graeca). Poultry Sci 86:420–422
Ritchie BW, Harrison JG, Harrison RL (1994) Avian medicine. Winger's Publishing Inc., Florida
Rodriguez P, Mougeot F, Alonso-Alvarez C, Blas J, Vinuela J, Bortolotti GR (2008) Cell mediated immune activation rapidly decreases plasma carotenoids but does not affect oxidative stress in red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa). J Exp Biol 211:2155–2161
Rodríguez P, Tortosa F, Millán J, Gortazar C (2004) Plasma chemistry reference values from captive red-legged partridges (Alectoris rufa). Br Poult Sci 45:565–567
Rodríguez P, Tortosa FS, Gortazar C (2006) Daily variations of blood biochemical parameters in the red-legged partridge (Alectoris rufa). Eur J Wildl Res 52:277–281
Schmidt EMS, Paulillo AC, Santin E, Locatelli-Dittrich R, Oliveira EG (2007a) Hematological and serum chemistry values for the ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus): variation with sex and age. Int J Poult Sci 6:137–139
Schmidt EMS, Paulillo AC, Locatelli-Dittrich R, Santin E, da Silva PL, Beltrame O, Oliveira EG (2007b) The effect of age on hematological and serum biochemical values on juvenile ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus). Int J Poult Sci 6:459–461
Schmidt EMS, Paulillo AC, Locatelli-Dittrich R, Santin E, da Silva PL, Beltrame O, Moura J, Oliveira EG (2007c) Serum biochemical parameters in the ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) on breeding. Int J Poult Sci 6:673–674
Scholtz N, Halle I, Flachowsky G, Sauerwein H (2009) Serum chemistry reference values in adult Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) including sex-related differences. Poultry Sci 88:1186–1190
Sribhen C, Choothesa A, Songserm T, Issariyodom S, Sribhen K (2006) Sex-based differences in plasma chemistry and cardiac marker test results in Siamese fighting fowl. Vet Clin Pathol 35:291–294
Straková E, Suchý P, Klecker D (1993) Changes in haematological and biochemical characteristics of blood of broilers during fattening. Živoč Výr 38:725–734
Suchy P, Strakova E, Jarka B, Thiemel J, Vecerek V (2004) Differences between metabolic profiles of egg-type and meat-type hybrid hens. Czech J Anim Sci 49:323–328
Suchy P, Strakova E, Kroupa L, Steinhauser L, Herzig I (2010) Values of selected biochemical and mineral metabolism indicators in feathered game. Acta Vet Brno 79:S9–S12
Szabo A, Milisits G (2007) Clinicochemical follow-up of broiler rearing-a five-week study. Acta Vet Hung 55:451–462
Thrall MA (2004) Veterinary hematology and clinical chemistry, 1st edn. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, pp 486–490
Tumova E, Hartlova H, Ledvinka Z, Fucikova A (2004) The effect of digitonin on egg quality, cholesterol content in eggs, biochemical and haematological parameters in laying hens. Czech J Anim Sci 49:33–37
Woodard AE, Vohra P, Mayeda B (1983) Blood parameters of one-year-old and seven-year-old partridges (Alectoris chukar). Poult Sci 62:2492–2496
Wroblewski F, LaDue JS (1955) Lactic dehydrogenase activity in blood. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 90:210–213
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nazifi, S., Mosleh, N., Ranjbar, V.R. et al. Reference values of serum biochemical parameters in adult male and female ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus). Comp Clin Pathol 21, 981–984 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-011-1212-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00580-011-1212-9