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Application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi with Pseudomonas aeruginosa UPMP3 reduces the development of Ganoderma basal stem rot disease in oil palm seedlings

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Abstract

The effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in combination with endophytic bacteria (EB) in reducing development of basal stem rot (BSR) disease in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) was investigated. BSR caused by Ganoderma boninense leads to devastating economic loss and the oil palm industry is struggling to control the disease. The application of two AMF with two EB as biocontrol agents was assessed in the nursery and subsequently, repeated in the field using bait seedlings. Seedlings pre-inoculated with a combination of Glomus intraradices UT126, Glomus clarum BR152B and Pseudomonas aeruginosa UPMP3 significantly reduced disease development measured as the area under disease progression curve (AUDPC) and the epidemic rate (R L) of disease in the nursery. A 20-month field trial using similar treatments evaluated disease development in bait seedlings based on the rotting area/advancement assessed in cross-sections of the seedling base. Data show that application of Glomus intraradices UT126 singly reduced disease development of BSR, but that combination of the two AMF with P. aeruginosa UPMP3 significantly improved biocontrol efficacy in both nursery and fields reducing BSR disease to 57 and 80 %, respectively. The successful use of bait seedlings in the natural environment to study BSR development represents a promising alternative to nursery trial testing in the field with shorter temporal assessment.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the Malaysian Palm Oil Board for funding this project. The project was performed in collaboration with the Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ganoderma and Diseases Research of Oil Palm Unit, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6 Persiaran Institusi, Bandar Baru Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Shamala Sundram & Idris Abu Seman

  2. Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Sariah Meon & Radziah Othman

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  1. Shamala Sundram
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  2. Sariah Meon
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  3. Idris Abu Seman
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Correspondence to Shamala Sundram.

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Fig. 1S

Field site preparation. a Selected palms were cut approximately 60 cm above ground. b the cross section of a palm showing the progression of rotting distinguished by tissue discolouration (arrow). c Each felled trunk was moved away from the experimental site and chipped to allow degradation. d The area around each stump was cleared for planting bait seedlings pre-inoculated with the respective biocontrol treatments; arrow indicates the sporophores of Ganoderma (JPEG 801 kb)

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Sundram, S., Meon, S., Seman, I.A. et al. Application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi with Pseudomonas aeruginosa UPMP3 reduces the development of Ganoderma basal stem rot disease in oil palm seedlings. Mycorrhiza 25, 387–397 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-014-0620-5

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