Skip to main content
Log in

Studies on the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the efficacy of two native isolates in a highly alkaline anthropogenic sediment

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Mycorrhiza Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A field survey of the arbuscular mycorrhizal status of herbaceous plant species was conducted in a highly alkaline anthropogenic sediment resulting from the disposal of waste from an acetylene and polyvinyl chloride factory. Most plant species found at the site were mycorrhizal and the dominant mycotrophic plant species was Conyza bilbaoana. Fungal species richness was assessed by identification of spores extracted from the sediment and from continuously propagated trap pot cultures. All of the six species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) found were from the genus Glomus. Glomus intraradices and G. mosseae were found in field-collected sediment samples and also occurred most frequently in trap cultures. To test the symbiotic effectiveness of these two fungi, seedlings of C. bilbaoana were inoculated with either native G. intraradices BEG163 or G. mosseae BEG198 and non-native G. intraradices BEG75 or G. mosseae BEG25 isolates in sterile and non-sterile sediment collected from the study site. All four isolates were able to colonise C. bilbaoana. However, AMF native to the target sediments were generally more effective than the non-native fungi in promoting plant establishment and growth under highly alkaline conditions. The non-native G. intraradices was, however, more effective than the non-native G. mosseae. The results of this study suggest the use of adapted AMF as inoculants for phytorestoration of alkaline anthropogenic-stressed sediments.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abbott LK, Robson AD (1991) Factors influencing the occurrence of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizas. Agric Ecosyst Environ 35:121–150

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Balsa ME, Serrão MG, Martins JC, Domingues H, Menino MR (1996) Caracterização do reséduo sólido, terras e águas do Parque de Lamas da Companhia Industrial de Resinas Sintéticas CIRES–Estarreja. Estação Agronómica Nacional, Oeiras

    Google Scholar 

  • Bever JD, Morton JB, Antonovics J, Schultz PA (1996) Host-dependent sporulation and species diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a mown grassland. J Ecol 84:71–82

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bever JD, Schultz PA, Pringle A, Morton JB (2001) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: more diverse than meets the eye, and the ecological tale of why. Bioscience 51:923–931

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Calvente R, Cano C, Ferrol N, Azcón-Aguilar C, Barea JM (2004) Analysing natural diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in olive tree (Olea europaea L.) plantations and assessment of the effectiveness of native fungal isolates as inoculants for commercial cultivars of olive plantlets. Appl Soil Ecol 26:11–19

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Caravaca F, Barea JM, Palenzuela J, Figueroa D, Alguacil MM, Roldán A (2003) Establishment of shrub species in a degraded semiarid site after inoculation with native or allochthonous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Appl Soil Ecol 22:103–111

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clapp JP, Young JPW, Merryweather JW, Fitter AH (1995) Diversity of fungal symbionts in arbuscular mycorrhizas from a natural community. New Phytol 130:259–265

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Del Val C, Barea JM, Azcón-Aguilar C (1999) Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus populations in heavy-metal-contaminated soils. Appl Environ Microbiol 65:718–723

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Dodd JC, Jeffries P (1986) Early development of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizas in autumn-sown cereals. Soil Biol Biochem 18:149–154

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dodd JC, Thomson BD (1994) The screening and selection of inoculant arbuscular–mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal fungi. Plant Soil 159:149–158

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dodd JC, Dougall TA, Clapp JP, Jeffries P (2002) The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in plant community establishment at Samphire Hoe, Kent, UK—the reclamation platform created during the building of the Channel tunnel between France and the UK. Biodivers Conserv 11:39–58

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Douds DD, Millner PD (1999) Biodiversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in agroecosystems. Agric Ecosyst Environ 74:77–93

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Enkhtuya B, Rydlová J, Vosátka M (2000) Effectiveness of indigenous and non-indigenous isolates of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soils from degraded ecosystems and man-made habitats. Appl Soil Ecol 14:201–211

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Enkhtuya B, Óskarsson Ú, Dodd JC, Vosátka M (2003) Inoculation of grass and tree seedlings used for reclaiming eroded areas in Iceland with mycorrhizal fungi. Folia Geobot 38:209–222

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Entry JA, Rygiewicz PT, Watrud LS, Donnelly PK (2002) Influence of adverse soil conditions on the formation and function of arbuscular mycorrhizas. Adv Environ Res 7:123–138

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ferrol N, Calvente R, Cano C, Barea JM, Azcón-Aguilar C (2004) Analysing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal diversity in shrub-associated resource islands from a desertification-threatened semiarid Mediterranean ecosystem. Appl Soil Ecol 25:123–133

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gazey C, Abbott LK, Robson AD (1992) The rate of development of mycorrhizas affects the onset of sporulation and production of external hyphae by two species of Acaulospora. Mycol Res 96:643–650

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gerdemann JW, Nicholson TH (1963) Spores of mycorrhizal Endogone species extracted from the soil by wet sieving and decanting. Trans Br Mycol Soc 46:235–244

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giovannetti M, Mosse B (1980) An evaluation of techniques for measuring vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal infection in roots. New Phytol 84:489–500

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gould AB, Hendrix JW (1998) Relationship of mycorrhizal activity to time following reclamation of surface mine land in western Kentucky. II. Mycorrhizal fungal communities. Can J Bot 76:204–212

    Google Scholar 

  • Gryndler M (2000) Interactions of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi with other soil organisms. In: Kapulnik Y, Douds DD (eds) Arbuscular mycorrhizas: physiology and function. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp 239–262

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Helgason T, Daniell TJ, Husband R, Fitter AH, Young JPW (1998) Ploughing up the wood-wide web? Nature 394:431

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Janardhanan KK, Khaliq A, Naushin F, Ramaswamy K (1994) Vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhiza in an alkaline usar land ecosystem. Curr Sci 67:465–469

    Google Scholar 

  • Jumpponen A (2001) Dark septate endophytes—are they mycorrhizal? Mycorrhiza 11:207–211

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jumpponen A, Trappe JM (1998) Dark septate endophytes: a review of facultative biotrophic root-colonizing fungi. New Phytol 140:295–310

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klironomos JN (2003) Variation in plant response to native and exotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Ecology 84:2292–2301

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koide RT (2000) Mycorrhizal symbiosis and plant reproduction. In: Kapulnik Y, Douds DD (eds) Arbuscular mycorrhizas: physiology and function. Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp 19–46

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Koide RT, Li M (1989) Appropriate controls for vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhiza research. New Phytol 111:35–44

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malcová R, Rydlová J, Vosátka M (2003a) Metal-free cultivation of Glomus sp. BEG 140 isolated from Mn-contaminated soil reduces tolerance to Mn. Mycorrhiza 13:151–157

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Malcová R, Vosátka M, Gryndler M (2003b) Effects of inoculation with Glomus intraradices on lead uptake by Zea mays L. and Agrostis capillaris L. Appl Soil Ecol 23:55–67

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Merryweather J, Fitter A (1998) The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of Hyacinthoides non-scripta. I. Diversity of fungal taxa. New Phytol 138:117–129

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oliveira RS, Dodd JC, Castro PML (2001) The mycorrhizal status of Phragmites australis in several polluted soils and sediments of an industrialised region of Northern Portugal. Mycorrhiza 10:241–247

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oliveira RS, Castro PML, Dodd JC, Vosátka M (2005) Synergistic effect of Glomus intraradices and Frankia spp. on the growth and stress recovery of Alnus glutinosa in an alkaline anthropogenic sediment. Chemosphere (in press) DOI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.01.038

  • Pawlowska TE (1991) Plant mycorrhizae in the sedimentation tanks of the Cracow soda factory. Zesz Nauk Uniw Jagiell Pr Bot 22:163–170

    Google Scholar 

  • Pawlowska TE, Blaszkowski J, Ruhling A (1996) The mycorrhizal status of plants colonizing a calamine spoil mound in southern Poland. Mycorrhiza 6:499–505

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pfleger FL, Steward EL, Noyd RK (1994) Role of VAM fungi in mine land revegetation. In: Pfleger FL, Linderman RG (eds) Mycorrhizae and plant health. APS, St. Paul, pp 47–82

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillips JM, Hayman DS (1970) Improved procedures for clearing and staining parasitic and vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection. Trans Br Mycol Soc 55:158–161

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raunkiaer C (1934) The life forms of plants. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Renker C, Zobel M, Opik M, Allen MF, Allen EB, Vosátka M, Rydlová J, Buscot F (2004) Structure, dynamics, and restoration of plant communities: do arbuscular mycorrhizae matter? In: Temperton VM, Hobbs R, Nuttle T, Halle S (eds) Assembly rules and restoration ecology. Island Press, Washington, DC, pp 189–229

    Google Scholar 

  • Rydlová J, Vosátka M (2003) Effect of Glomus intraradices isolated from Pb-contaminated soil on Pb uptake by Agrostis capillaris is changed by its cultivation in a metal-free substrate. Folia Geobot 38:155–166

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schultz PA, Bever JD, Morton JB (1999) Acaulospora colossica sp. nov. from an old field in North Carolina and morphological comparisons with similar species, A. laevis and A. koskei. Mycologia 91:676–683

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stutz JC, Morton JB (1996) Successive pot cultures reveal high species richness of arbuscular endomycorrhizal fungi in arid ecosystems. Can J Bot 74:1883–1889

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sylvia DM, Williams SE (1992) Vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae and environmental stresses. In: Bethlenfalvay GJ, Linderman RG (eds) Mycorrhizae in sustainable agriculture, ASA Spec. Publ. No. 54. ASA, Madison, pp 101–124

    Google Scholar 

  • Turnau K, Ryszka P, Gianinazzi-Pearson V, van Tuinen D (2001) Identification of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soils and roots of plants colonizing zinc wastes in southern Poland. Mycorrhiza 10:169–174

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van der Heijden MGA, Boller T, Wiemken A, Sanders IR (1998a) Different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species are potential determinants of plant community structure. Ecology 79:2082–2091

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van der Heijden MGA, Klironomos JN, Ursic M, Moutoglis P, Streitwolf-Engel R, Boller T, Wiemken A, Sanders IR (1998b) Mycorrhizal fungal diversity determines plant biodiversity, ecosystem variability and productivity. Nature 396:69–72

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vangronsveld J, Colpaert JV, Van Tichelen KK (1996) Reclamation of a bare industrial area contaminated by non-ferrous metals: physico-chemical and biological evaluation of the durability of soil treatment and revegetation. Environ Pollut 94:131–140

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Vosátka M, Dodd JC (2002) Ecological considerations for successful application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculum. In: Gianinazzi S, Schuepp H, Barea JM, Haselwandter K (eds) Mycorrhizal technology in agriculture. Birkhauser, Basel, pp 235–247

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Rui Oliveira wishes to thank Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia and Fundo Social Europeu (III Quadro Comunitário de Apoio) for financial support of his Ph.D. studies through grant SFRH/BD/1464/2000. We thank Dr. João Honrado and Dr. Paulo Alves from Departamento de Botânica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, for help in identification of the plant species. Eng. José Luzes from ERASE and Eng. Helder Paula from CIRES are acknowledged for providing information about the study site and granting permission for plant and sediment sample collection.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to P. M. L. Castro.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Oliveira, R.S., Vosátka, M., Dodd, J.C. et al. Studies on the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the efficacy of two native isolates in a highly alkaline anthropogenic sediment. Mycorrhiza 16, 23–31 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-005-0010-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00572-005-0010-0

Keywords

Navigation