Skip to main content
Log in

Subsurface profiling of granite pluton using microtremor method: southern Aravalli, Gujarat, India

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
International Journal of Earth Sciences Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

We report, using the microtremor method, a subsurface granitic pluton underneath the Narukot Dome and in its western extension along a WNW profile, in proximity of eastern fringe of Cambay Rift, India. The dome and its extension is a part of the Champaner Group of rocks belonging to the Mesoproterozoic Aravalli Supergroup. The present finding elucidates development of an asymmetric double plunge along Narukot Dome. Microtremor measurements at 32 sites were carried out along the axial trace (N95°) of the dome. Fourier amplitude spectral studies were applied to obtain the ratio between the horizontal and vertical components of persisting Rayleigh waves as local ambient noise. Fundamental resonant frequencies with amplitude ≥1-sigma for each site are considered to distinguish rheological boundary. Two distinct rheological boundaries are identified based on frequency ranges determined in the terrain: (1) 0.2219–10.364 Hz recorded at 31 stations identified as the Champaner metasediment and granite boundary, and (2) 10.902–27.1119 Hz recorded at 22 stations identified as the phyllite and quartzite boundary. The proposed equation describing frequency–depth relationship between granite and overlaying regolith matches with those already published in the literature. The morphology of granite pluton highlights the rootless character of Champaner Group showing sharp discordance with granitic pluton. The findings of manifestation of pluton at a shallower depth imply a steep easterly plunge within the Champaner metasediments, whereas signature of pluton at a deeper level implies a gentle westerly plunge. The present method enables to assess how granite emplacement influences the surface structure.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aki KP, Richards G (2002) Quantitative seismology, 2nd edn. University Science Book, Sausalito, pp 1–687

    Google Scholar 

  • Bard PY (2008) The H/V technique: capabilities and limitations based on the results of the SESAME project. Bull Earthq Eng 6:1–2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benn K, Odonne F, de Saint Blanquat M (1998) Pluton emplacement during transpression in brittle crust: new views from analogue experiments. Geology 26:1079–1082

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bonnefoy-Claudet S, Cornou C, Bard PY et al (2006) H/V ratio: a tool for site effects evaluation. Results from 1-D noise simulations. Geophys J Int 167:827–837

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bott MHP (1955) A Geophysical study of the Granite problem. Q J Geol Soc Lond 112:45–67

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Celebi M, Dietel C, Prince J et al (1987) Site amplification in Mexico City (determined from 19 September 1985 strong-motion records and from recording of weak motions). In: Cakmak AS (ed) Ground motion and engineering seismology. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 141–152

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Crawford AR (1975) Rb–Sr age determination for the Mount Abu granite and related rocks of Gujarat. J Geol Soc India 16:20–28

    Google Scholar 

  • Cruden AR (2008) Emplacement mechanisms and structural influences of a younger granite intrusion into older wall rocks—a principal study with application to the Götemar and Uthammar granites. Site-descriptive modeling SDM-Site Laxemar, SKB Report R-08-138:1-45

  • Das S, Singh PK, Sikarni C (2009) A preliminary study of thermal metamorphism in the Champaner Group of rocks in Panchmahals and Vadodara districts of Gujarat. Indian J Geosci 63:373–382

    Google Scholar 

  • Delgado J, Lopez C, Estevez A, Cuenca A, Molina S (2000a) Microtremors as a geophysical exploration tool: applications and limitations. Pure Appl Geophys 157:1445–1462

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Delgado J, López Casado C, Estévez A, Giner J, Cuenca A, Molina S (2000b) Mapping soft soils in the Segura river valley (SE Spain): a case study of microtremors as an exploration tool. J Appl Geophys 45:19–32

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dinesh BV, Nair GJ, Prasad AGV et al (2010) Estimation of sedimentary layer shear wave velocity using micro-tremor h/v ratio measurements for Bangalore city. Soil Dyn Earthq Eng 30:1377–1382

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dixit MM, Tewari HC, Rao CV (2010) Two-dimensional velocity model of the crust beneath the South Cambay Basin, India from refraction and wide-angle reflection data. Geophys J Int 181:635–652

    Google Scholar 

  • Field E, Jacob K (1993) The theoretical response of sedimentary layers to ambient seismic noise. Geophys Res Lett 20:2925–2928

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Field EH, Hough SE, Jacob KH (1990) Using microtremors to assess potential earthquake site response: a case study in Flushing Meadows, New York City. Bull Seismol Soc Am 80:1456–1480

    Google Scholar 

  • Garcia-Jerez A, Luzon F, Navarro M et al (2006) Characterization of the sedimentary cover of the Zafarraya basin, southern Spain, by means of ambient noise. Bull Seismol Soc Am 96:957–967

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gopalan K, Trivedi JR, Merh SS et al (1979) Rb-Sr age of Godhra and related granites, Gujarat. Proc Indian Acad Sci 88A:7–17

    Google Scholar 

  • Gopinath K, Rao ADP, Agrawal GG et al (1977) Precambrians of Baroda and Panchmahals districts. Elucidation of Stratigraphy and Structure. Records Geol Surv India 73:1–52

    Google Scholar 

  • Goyal N, Pant PC, Hansda PK, Pandey BK (2001) Geochemistry and Rb–Sr age of the late Proterozoic Godhra Granite of Central Gujarat, India. J Geol Soc India 58:391–398

    Google Scholar 

  • Guéguen P, Cornou C, Garambois S et al (2006) On the limitation of the H/V spectral ratio using seismic noise as an exploration tool: application to the Grenoble Valley (France), a small apex ratio basin. Pure Appl Geophys 164:1–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Gupta SN, Mathur RK, Arora YK (1992) Lithostratigraphy of Proterozoic rocks of Rajasthan and Gujarat—a review. Records Geol Surv India 115:63–85

    Google Scholar 

  • Gupta SN, Arora YK, Mathur RK et al (1997) The Precambrian Geology of the Aravalli region, Southern Rajasthan and NE Gujarat. Mem Geol Surv India 123:1–262

    Google Scholar 

  • Hough SE, Field EH, Jacob KH (1991) Using microtremors to assess site-specific earthquake hazard. In: Proceedings of the international conference on seismic zonation, vol 4, pp 385–392

  • Ibs-Vonseht M, Wohlenberg J (1999) Microtremor measurements used to map thickness of soft sediments. Bull Seismol Soc Am 89:250–259

    Google Scholar 

  • Jambusaria BB, Merh SS (1967) Deformed greywacke conglomerates of Jaban near Shivrajpur, Panchmahals district, Gujarat. Indian Miner 8:6–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaila KL, Krishna VG, Mall DM (1981) Crustal structure along Mehamdabad-Billimora profile in the Cambay Basin, India from deep Seismic soundings. Tectonophysics 76:99–130

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kanai K (1957) The requisite conditions for the predominant vibration of ground. Bull Earthq Res Inst 35:457–471

    Google Scholar 

  • Karanth RV, Das S (2000) Deformational history of the Pre-Champaner gneissic complex in Chhota Udepur area, Vadodara district, Gujarat. Indian J Geol 72:43–54

    Google Scholar 

  • Konno K, Ohmachi T (1998) Ground-motion characteristics estimated from spectral ratio between Horizontal and Vertical components of microtremor. Bull Seismol Soc Am 88:228–241

    Google Scholar 

  • Lermo J, Rodriguez M, Singh SK (1988) The Mexico earthquake of September 19, 1985. Natural period of sites in the valley of Mexico from microtremor measurements and strong motion data. Earthq Spectra 4:805–814

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Limaye MA, Joshi AU (2016) Rootless folds over granites: An example from Lambia formation, Champaner Group. Abstract published in XXX Gujarat Science Congress organized by KSKV University Bhuj, Kutch, p 294

  • Lunedei E, Albarello D (2010) Theoretical HVSR curves from full wave field modeling of ambient vibrations in a weakly dissipative layered Earth. Geophys J Int 18:1093–1108

    Google Scholar 

  • Mamtani MA, Greiling RO (2005) Granite emplacement and its relation with regional deformation in the Aravalli Mountain Belt (India)—inferences from magnetic fabric. J Struct Geol 27:2008–2029

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mamtani MA, Merh SS, Karanth RV et al (2001) Time relationship between metamorphism and deformation in Proterozoic rocks of the Lunawada region, southern Aravalli Mountain Belt (India)—a microstructural study. J Asian Earth Sci 19:195–205

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McSween HY, Harvey RP Jr (1997) Concord plutonic suite: Pre-Acadian gabbro-syenite intrusions in the southern Appalachians. In: Sinha AK, Whalen JB, Hogan JB (eds) Geol Soc Am, vol 191, pp 221–234

  • Mukherjee S (2011a) Mineral fish: their morphological classification, usefulness as shear sense indicators and genesis. Int J Earth Sci 100:1303–1314

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mukherjee S (2011b) Estimating the Viscosity of Rock Bodies- a comparison between the Hormuz- and the Namakdan salt domes in the Persian Gulf, and the Tso Morari Gneiss Dome in the Himalaya. Indian J Geophys Union 15:161–170

    Google Scholar 

  • Mukherjee S (2012) Simple shear is not so simple Kinematics and shear senses in Newtonian viscous simple shear zones. Geol Mag 149:819–826

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mukherjee S (2013a) Deformation microstructures in rocks. Springer, New York, pp 1–111

    Google Scholar 

  • Mukherjee S (2013b) Higher Himalaya in the Bhagirathi section (NW Himalaya, India): its structures, backthrusts and extrusion mechanism by both channel flow and critical taper mechanisms. Int J Earth Sci 102:1851–1870

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mukherjee S (2014) Atlas of shear zone structures in meso-scale. Springer, New York, pp 1–124

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Mukherjee S (2015) Atlas of structural geology. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 1–165

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Mukherjee S, Koyi HA (2010a) Higher Himalayan Shear Zone, Sutlej section: structural geology and extrusion mechanism by various combinations of simple shear, pure shear and channel flow in shifting modes. Int J Earth Sci 99:1267–1303

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mukherjee S, Koyi HA (2010b) Higher Himalayan Shear Zone, Zanskar Indian Himalaya: microstructural studies and extrusion mechanism by a combination of simple shear and channel flow. Int J Earth Sci 99:1083–1110

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mukherjee S, Mulchrone KF (2012) Estimating the viscosity and Prandtl number of the Tso Morari crystalline gneiss dome, Indian western Himalaya. Int J Earth Sci 101:1929–1947

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mulchrone KF, Mukherjee S (2015) Shear senses and viscous dissipation of layered ductile simple shear zones. Pure Appl Geophys 172:2635–2642

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mulchrone KF, Mukherjee S (2016) Kinematics and shear heat pattern of ductile simple shear zones with ‘slip boundary condition’. Int J Earth Sci 105:1015–1020

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mukherjee S, Mulchrone KF (2013) Viscous dissipation pattern in incompressible Newtonian simple shear zones: an analytical model. Int J Earth Sci 102:1165–1170

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mukaerjee S, Talbot CJ, Koyi HA (2010) Viscosity estimates of salt in the Hormuz and Namakdan salt diapirs, Persian Gulf. Geol Mag 147:497–507

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Naha K, Chaudhuri AK, Bhattacharyya AC (1966) Superposed folding in the older Precambrian rocks around Sangat, Central Rajasthan, India. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie Abh 126:205–230

    Google Scholar 

  • Naha K, Venkatesubramanyam CS, Singh RP (1969) Upright folding of varying intensity on isoclinal folds of diverse orientation: a study from early Precambrian of western India. Geol Rund 58:929–950

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nakamura Y (1989) A method for dynamic characteristics estimation of subsurface using microtremor on the ground surface. Q Railw Tech Res Inst (Japan) 30:25–30

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakamura Y (2008) On the H/V spectrum. In: The 14th world conference on earthquake engineering, Beijing, pp 1–10

  • Nogoshi M, Igarashi T (1971) On the amplitude characteristics of microtremor (part 2) (in Japanese with English abstract). J Seismol Soc Japan 24:26–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Ohta Y, Kagami H, Goto N et al (1978) Observation of 1- to 5-second microtremors and their application to earthquake engineering. Part-I: comparison with long-period accelerations at the Tokachi-Oki earthquake of 1968. Bull Seismol Soc Am 68:767–779

    Google Scholar 

  • Parolai S, Galiana-Merino JJ (2006) Effect of transient seismic noise on estimates of h/v spectral ratios. Bull Seismol Soc Am 96:228–236

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parolai S, Bormann P, Milkereit C (2002) New relationships between Vs, thickness of sediments, and resonance frequency calculated by the H/V ratio of seismic noise for the Cologne Area (Germany). Bull Seismol Soc Am 92:2521–2527

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Passchier CW, Trouw R (2005) Microtectonics, 2nd edn. Springer, New York, pp 1–366

    Google Scholar 

  • Paudyal YR, Yatabe R, Bhandary NP et al (2013) Basement topography of the Kathmandu basin using microtremor observation. J Asian Earth Sci 62:627–637

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pilz M, Parolai S, Leyton F et al (2009) A comparison of site response techniques using earthquake data and ambient seismic noise analysis in the large urban areas of Santiago de Chile. Geophys J Int 178:713–728

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pitcher WS (1979) The nature, ascent and emplacement of granitic magmas. J Geol Soc Lond 136:627–662

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rao VV, Sain K, Reddy PR et al (2006) Crustal structure and tectonics of the northern part of the Southern Granulite Terrene, India. Earth Planet Sci Lett 251:90–103

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rošer J, Gosar A (2010) Determination of Vs 30 for seismic ground classification in the Ljubljana Area, Slovenia. Acta Geotech Slov 1:63–76

    Google Scholar 

  • Sahu BK (2012) Aeromagnetic data analysis of the southern Aravalli Fold Belt: its implications in understanding the inter-relationship among the migmatites and gneissic rocks, Aravalli Supracrustals and Godhra Granite. J Geol Soc India 80:255–261

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sánchez-Sesma FJ, Rodríguez M, Iturrarán-Viveros U et al (2011) A theory for microtremor H/V spectral ratio: application for a layered medium. Geophys J Int 186:221–225

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sandwell DT, Müller RD, Smith WHF, Garcia E, Francis R (2014) New global marine gravity model from CryoSat-2 and Jason-1 reveals buried tectonic structure. Science 346:65–67. http://topex.ucsd.edu/cgi-bin/get_data.cgi

  • Sastry RS, Nagarajan N, Sarma SVS (2008) Electrical imaging of deep crustal features of Kutch, India. Geophys J Int 172:934–944

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • SESAME European Project EVG1-CT-2000-00026 (2004) GEOPSY software. http://www.geopsy.org

  • Shivkumar K, Maithani PB, Parthasarathy RN et al (1993) Proterozoic rift in lower Champaners and its bearing in uranium mineralisation in Panchmahals district, Gujarat. Abstract in annual convention of Geological Society of India, Organised by Department of Geology. M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara

  • Singh AP, Kumar VV, Mishra DC (2004) Subsurface geometry of Hyderabad granite pluton from gravity and magnetic anomalies and its role in the seismicity around Hyderabad. Curr Sci 86:580–586

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh SB, Ashok Babu G, Veeraiah B et al (2008) Detection of sub-trappean sediments by deep resistivity sounding studies in India. In: 7th international conference and exposition on petroleum geophysics, Hyderabad, pp 106-110

  • Singh BP, Rao MRK, Prajapati SK et al (2014) Combined gravity and magnetic modeling over Pavagadh and Phenaimata igneous complexes, Gujarat, India: inference on emplacement history of Deccan volcanism. J Asian Earth Sci 80:119–133

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Srikarni C, Das S (1996) Stratigraphy and sedimentation history of Champaner Group, Gujarat. J Indian Assoc Sedim 15:93–108

    Google Scholar 

  • Srimal N, Das S (1998) On the tectonic affinity of the Champaner Group of rocks, eastern Gujarat. Abstract. International seminar on the precambrian crustal evolution of central and eastern India. UNESCO-Lugs—IGCP-368, Bhubaneswar, pp 226–227

  • Stevenson D, Gangopadhyay A, Talwani P (2006) Booming plutons: source of microearthquakes in South Carolina. Geophys Res Lett 33:L03316

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sukumaran P, Parvez IA, Sant DA et al (2011) Profiling of late Tertiary-early quaternary surface in the lower reaches of Narmada valley using microtremors. J Asian Earth Sci 41:325–334

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vigneresse JL (1990) Use and misuse of geophysical data to determine the shape at depth of granitic intrusions. Geol J 25:249–260

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vigneresse JL (1995) Control of granite emplacement by regional deformation. Tectonophysics 249:173–186

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vigneresse JL, Tikoff B, Ameglio A (1999) Modification of the regional stress field by magma intrusion and formation of tabular granitic plutons. Tectonophysics 302:203–224

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yamanaka H, Takemura M, Ishida H et al (1994) Characteristics of long- period microtremors and their applicability in exploration of deep sedimentary layers. Bull Seismol Soc Am 84:1831–1841

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhao B, Xie X, Chai C et al (2007) Imaging the graben structure in the deep basin with a microtremor profile crossing the Yinchuan city. J Geophys Eng 4:293–300

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

AUJ was supported by DST PURSE fellowship. AUJ, DAS, MAL, MJC, MNB and SPM thank Prof. L.S. Chamyal (Head, Department of Geology, MS University Baroda) for support and encouragement. IAP thanks Head, CSIR Fourth Paradigm Institute, for support. GR was supported by JC Bose National Fellowship and UGC Centre for Advanced Study. SM was funded by IIT Bombay’s CPDA grant. Discussion with M. Mamtani (IIT Kharagpur) and JL Vigneresse (University of Lorraine) is acknowledged. We further acknowledge numerous constructive suggestions from both anonymous reviewer and Lucie Nováková. Thanks to the anonymous Handling Editor, Chief Editor: Christian Dullo and the Managing Editor: Monika Dullo. SM thanks IIT Bombay for providing him a research sabbatical for the year 2017.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Soumyajit Mukherjee.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Joshi, A.U., Sant, D.A., Parvez, I.A. et al. Subsurface profiling of granite pluton using microtremor method: southern Aravalli, Gujarat, India. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 107, 191–201 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-017-1482-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-017-1482-9

Keywords

Navigation