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Isolation and characterization of multiple F-box genes linked to the S 9 - and S 10 -RNase in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.)

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Abstract

Using 11 consensus primer pairs designed from S-linked F-box genes of apple and Japanese pear, 10 new F-box genes (MdFBX21 to 30) were isolated from the apple cultivar ‘Spartan’ (S 9 S 10 ). MdFBX21 to 23 and MdFBX24 to 30 were completely linked to the S 9 -RNase and S 10 -RNase, respectively, and showed pollen-specific expression and S-haplotype-specific polymorphisms. Therefore, these 10 F-box genes are good candidates for the pollen determinant of self-incompatibility in apple. Phylogenetic analysis and comparison of deduced amino acid sequences of MdFBX21 to 30 with those of 25 S-linked F-box genes previously isolated from apple showed that a deduced amino acid identity of greater than 88.0 % can be used as the tentative criterion to classify F-box genes into one type. Using this criterion, 31 of 35 F-box genes of apple were classified into 11 types (SFBB1–11). All types included F-box genes derived from S 3 - and S 9 -haplotypes, and seven types included F-box genes derived from S 3 -, S 9 -, and S 10 -haplotypes. Moreover, comparison of nucleotide sequences of S-RNases and multiple F-box genes among S 3 -, S 9 -, and S 10 -haplotypes suggested that F-box genes within each type showed high nucleotide identity regardless of the identity of the S-RNase. The large number of F-box genes as candidates for the pollen determinant and the high degree of conservation within each type are consistent with the collaborative non-self-recognition model reported for Petunia. These findings support that the collaborative non-self-recognition system also exists in apple.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Dr. Takeshi Takasaki-Yasuda (Kobe University) for helpful discussions.

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Correspondence to Kazuma Okada.

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Communicated by Teh-hui Kao.

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Okada, K., Moriya, S., Haji, T. et al. Isolation and characterization of multiple F-box genes linked to the S 9 - and S 10 -RNase in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.). Plant Reprod 26, 101–111 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00497-013-0212-0

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