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New insights into the variability of reproduction modes in European populations of Rubus subgen. Rubus: how sexual are polyploid brambles?

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Abstract

Rubus subgen. Rubus includes common European species with highly complicated taxonomy, ongoing hybridisation and facultative apomixis. Out of approximately 750 species recognised in Europe, only 3 diploid sexual species are known, along with numerous apomictic brambles that are highly connected to polyploidy. One exception of a tetraploid taxon is R. ser. Glandulosi, which is known for prevalent sexuality. This taxon highly hybridises with tetraploid members of R. ser. Discolores and leads to the origin of many hybridogenous populations and individuals. In this study, we verify reproduction modes in different diploid, triploid and tetraploid species of subgen. Rubus, with focus on taxa putatively involved in such hybridisation by applying flow cytometric seed screen analysis. We found 100 % sexuality of diploid species, whereas triploid species had obligate unreduced embryo sac development. In contrast, tetraploid plants had varying degrees of sexuality. Additionally, we discovered that R. bifrons has the ability to undergo a reproduction mode switch as a reaction to environmental conditions. These results provide insight into reproductive modes of European brambles and shed light on their reticulate evolution and speciation.

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Acknowledgments

We thank all colleagues who helped in the fieldwork with finding the localities of bramble species, namely M. Lepší (České Budějovice), P. Lepší (Český Krumlov) and V. Žíla (Strakonice). We also thank Tim Sharbel for comments regarding the manuscript. M. Tesařová and K. Truhlářová (Palacký University, Olomouc) were students who performed part of the confirmatory flow cytometric analyses. This study was supported by the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic (grants no. 206/07/0706 and 206/08/0890) and by the internal grant from Palacký University (PrF 2012/001).

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  1. Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 11, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic

    Petra Šarhanová, Radim J. Vašut & Bohumil Trávníček

  2. Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic

    Martin Dančák

  3. Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic

    Petr Bureš

  4. Department of Taxonomy and Evolutionary Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Research, Gatersleben, Germany

    Petra Šarhanová

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  1. Petra Šarhanová
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Correspondence to Petra Šarhanová.

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Communicated by Scott Russell.

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Šarhanová, P., Vašut, R.J., Dančák, M. et al. New insights into the variability of reproduction modes in European populations of Rubus subgen. Rubus: how sexual are polyploid brambles?. Sex Plant Reprod 25, 319–335 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00497-012-0200-9

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