Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Differentiated dynamics of bud dormancy and growth in temperate fruit trees relating to bud phenology adaptation, the case of apple and almond trees

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
International Journal of Biometeorology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Few studies have focused on the characterization of bud dormancy and growth dynamics for temperate fruit species in temperate and mild cropping areas, although this is an appropriate framework to anticipate phenology adaptation facing future warming contexts which would potentially combine chill declines and heat increases. To examine this issue, two experimental approaches and field observations were used for high- and low-chill apple cultivars in temperate climate of southern France and in mild climates of northern Morocco and southern Brazil. Low-chill almond cultivars offered an additional relevant plant material for comparison with apple in northern Morocco. Divergent patterns of dormancy and growth dynamics were clearly found in apple tree between southern France and southern Brazil. Divergences were less pronounced between France and Morocco. A global view outlined main differences in the dormancy chronology and intensity, the transition between endordormancy and ecodormancy and the duration of ecodormancy. A key role of bud rehydration in the transition period was shown. High-chill cultivars would be submitted in mild conditions to heterogeneous rehydration capacities linked to insufficient chill fulfillment and excessive forcing linked to high temperatures. This would favor bud competitions and consequently excessive flowering durations and weak flowering. Low chilling requirements in apple and almond would conversely confer biological capacities to tolerate superficial dormancy and abrupt transition from endordormancy to ecodormancy without important heterogeneous rehydration states within buds. It may also assume that low-chill cultivars can also tolerate high temperatures during ecodormancy as well as extended flowering durations.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abbott DL (1970) The role of bud scales in the morphogenesis and dormancy of the apple fruit bud. In: Luckwill LC (eds) Physiology of tree crops. 2nd Symposium, University of Bristol, pp 65–82

  • Aloni R (1987) Differentiation of vascular tissues. Annu Rev Plant Physiol 38:179–204

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Andreini L, Garciá de Cortázar-Atauri IG, Chuine I, Viti R, Bartolini S, David R, Campoy JA, Legave JM, Audergon JM, Bertuzzi P (2014) Understanding dormancy release in apricot flower buds (Prunus armeniaca L.) using several process-based phenological models. Agric For Meteorol 184:210–219

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Atkinson CJ, Brennanb RM, Jones HG (2013) Declining chilling and its impact on temperate perennial crops. Environ Exp Bot 91:48–62

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bartolini S, Viti R, Laghezali M, Olmez HA (2006) Xylem vessel differentiation and microsporogenesis evolution in ‘Canino’cultivar growing in three different climatic areas: Italy, Morocco and Turkey. Acta Hortic 701:135–140

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bonhomme M, Regeau R, Lacointe A, Gendraud M (2005) Influences of cold deprivation during dormancy on carbohydrate contents of vegetative and floral primordia and nearby structures of peach buds (Prunus persica L. Batch). Sci Hortic 105:223–240

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bonhomme M, Peuch M, Ameglio T, Rageau R, Guilliot A, Decourteix M, Alves G, Sakr M, Lacointe A (2010) Carbohydrate uptake from xylem vessels and its distribution among stem tissues and buds in walnut (Juglans regia). Tree Physiol 30:89–102

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Campoy JA, Ruiz D, Egea J (2011) Seasonal progression of bud dormancy in apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) in a Mediterranean climate: a single-node cutting approach. Plant Biosyst 145:596–605

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carvalho RIN, Zanette F (2004) Dormancy dynamics of ‘Imperial Gala’ apple tree buds during autumn and winter in a region of low chill occurrence. Rev Bras Frutic 26:65–68

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Citadin L, Raseira MCB, Herter FG, Baptista da Silva J (2001) Heat requirement for blooming and leafing in peach. HortSci 36(2):303–307

    Google Scholar 

  • Cook NC, Jacobs G (2000) Progression of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) bud dormancy in two mild winter climates. J Hortic Sci Biotechnol 75:233–236

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Darbyshire R, Webb L, Goodwin I, Barlow EWR (2013) Evaluation of recent trends in Australian pome fruit spring phenology. Int J Biometeorol 57:409–421

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Darbyshire R, Webb L, Goodwin I, Barlow EWR (2014) Challenges in predicting climate change impacts on pome fruit phenology. Int J Biometeorol 58:1119–1133

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dennis F Jr (1994) Dormancy-what we know (and don’t know). HortSci 29:1249–1255

    Google Scholar 

  • El Yaacoubi A, Malagi G, Oukabli A, Hafidi M, Legave JM (2014) Global warming impact on floral phenology of fruit trees species in Mediterranean region. Sci Hortic 180:243–253

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Erez A, Fishman S, Linsley-Noakes GC, Allan P (1990) The dynamic model for rest completion in peach buds. Acta Hortic 276:165–174

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fishman S, Erez A, Couvillon GA (1987) The temperature dependence of dormancy breaking in plants—computer simulation of processes studied under controlled temperatures. J Theor Biol 126(3):309–321

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fujisawa M, Kobayashi K (2010) Apple (Malus pumila var. domestica) phenology is advancing due to rising air temperature in northern Japan. Global Chang Biol 16:2651–2660

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghariani K, Stebbins RL (1994) Chilling requirements of apple and pear cultivars. Fruit Varieties J 48(4):215–222

    Google Scholar 

  • Grab S, Craparo A (2011) Advance of apple and pear tree full bloom dates in response to climate change in the southwestern Cape, South Africa: 1973–2009. Agric For Meteorol 151:406–413

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guédon Y, Legave J (2008) Analyzing the time-course variation of apple and pear tree dates of flowering stages in the global warming context. Ecol Modell 219:189–199

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guo L, Dai J, Ranjitkar S, Jianchu X, Luedeling E (2013) Response of chestnut phenology in China to climate variation and change. Agric For Meteorol 180:164–172

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hauagge R, Cummins JN (1991) Phenotypic variation of length of bud dormancy in apple cultivars and related Malus species. J Am Soc Hortic Sci 116:100–106

    Google Scholar 

  • Hauagge R, Tsuneta M (1999) ‘Iapar 75-Eva’ ‘IAPAR 76-Anabela’ e ‘IAPAR 77-Carícia’-Novas cultivares de macieira com baixa necessidade em frio. Rev Bras Frutic 21:239–242

    Google Scholar 

  • Hruy G, Tegenbos J, Petre R, Deckers T, Teklebirhan Y, Bauer H, Gebrehiwot K, Raes D, Deckers J, Keulemans J (2013) Studies on mode of expression of apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) bud dormancy under tropical and temperate climatic conditions. J Agric Sci Technol B3:503–516

    Google Scholar 

  • Kester DE, Gradziel TM (1996) Almonds. In: Janick J, Moore JN (eds) Fruit breeding. Vol. 3. Wiley, New York, pp 1–97

    Google Scholar 

  • Lang GA, Early JD, Martin GC, Darnell RL (1987) Endo-, para-, and eco-dormancy physiological terminology and classification for dormancy research. HortSci 22:371–377

    Google Scholar 

  • Legave JM, Blanke M, Christen D, Giovannini D, Mathieu V, Oger R (2013) A comprehensive overview of the spatial and temporal variability of apple bud dormancy release and blooming phenology in Western Europe. Int J Biometeorol 57:317–331

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Legave JM, Guédon Y, Malagi G, El Yaacoubi A, Bonhomme M (2015) Differentiated responses of apple tree floral phenology to global warming in contrasting climatic regions. Front Plant Sci 6:1054

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luedeling E, Brown PH (2011) A global analysis of the comparability of winter chill models for fruit and nut trees. Int J Biometeorol 55:411–421

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luedeling E, Girvetz EH, Semenov MA, Brown PH (2011) Climate change affects winter chill for temperate fruit and nut trees. PLoS One 6(5), e20155

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Luedeling E, Kunz A, Blanke MM (2013) Identification of chilling and heat requirements of cherry trees—a statistical approach. Int J Biometeorol 57:679–689

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Malagi G, Robson SM, Citadin I, Herter FG, Bonhomme M, Regnard JL, Legave JM (2015) The comparison of dormancy dynamics in apple trees grown under temperate and mild winter climates imposes a renewal of classical approaches. Trees:1–16. doi:10.1007/s00468-015-1214-3

  • Mauget JC, Rageau R (1988) Bud dormancy and adaptation of apple tree to mild winter climates. Acta Hortic 232:101–108

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oukabli A, Bartolini S, Viti R (2003) Anatomical and morphological study of apple (Malus × domestica, Borth.) flower buds growing under inadequate winter chilling. J Hortic Sci Biotechnol 78(3):580–585

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Petri JL, Leite GB (2004) Consequences of insufficient winter chilling on apple tree bud-break. In: VIIth on TZFTS, vol 1. Acta Hort, pp 53–60

  • Pope KS, Dose V, Silva DD, Brown PH, Leslie CA, Dejong TM (2013) Detecting nonlinear response of spring phenology to climate change by Bayesian analysis. Global Chang Biol 19(5):1518–1525

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pope KS, Da Silva D, Brown PH, Dejong TM (2014) A biologically based approach to modeling spring phenology in temperate deciduous trees. Agric For Meteorol 198–199:15–23

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richardson EA, Seeley SD, Walker DR (1974) A model for estimating the completion of rest for “Redhaven” and “Elberta” peach trees. HortSci 9:331–332

    Google Scholar 

  • Tabuenca MC (1967) Necesidades de frio invernal de variedades de ciruelo. An Aula Dei 8:383–391

    Google Scholar 

  • Viti R, Andreini L, Ruiz D, Egea J, Bartolini S, Iacona C, Campoy JA (2010) Effect of climatic conditions on the overcoming of dormancy in apricot flower buds in two Mediterranean areas: Murcia (Spain) and Tuscany (Italy). Sci Hortic 124(2):217–224

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wolfe DW, Schwartz MD, Lakso AN, Otsuki Y, Pool RM, Shaulis NJ (2005) Climate change and shifts in spring phenology of three horticultural woody perennials in northeastern USA. Int J Biometeorol 49:303–309

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yu H, Luedeling E, Xu J (2010) Winter and spring warming result in delayed spring phenology on the Tibetan Plateau. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107:22151–22156

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zguigal Y, Chahbar A, Wallali-Loudiyi DE, Crabbé J (2006) Caractéristiques de la dormance des bourgeons du pommier dans les régions à hiver doux. Biotechnol Agron Soc Environ 10(2):131–137

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang X, Tarpley D, Sullivan JT (2007) Diverse responses of vegetation phenology to a warming climate. Geophys Res Lett 34:1–5

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully thank Xavier Crété (CEHM) for providing temperature data and plant material in France, Moha Serrari (ONCA) for providing temperatures data in Morocco, and Celine Bastin (Purpan School Master), Aline Faure (INRA, UMR PIAF), Marcos Robson Sachet, and Leonardo Silva Patto for their respective contributions in the experiments. The study was carried out with the financial support of the CAPES- COFECUB project (686/10 - 2010–2013) between France and Brazil, and the PRAD project (11/08 - 2011–2013) between France and Morocco.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Adnane El Yaacoubi.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

ESM 1

(PDF 108 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

El Yaacoubi, A., Malagi, G., Oukabli, A. et al. Differentiated dynamics of bud dormancy and growth in temperate fruit trees relating to bud phenology adaptation, the case of apple and almond trees. Int J Biometeorol 60, 1695–1710 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-016-1160-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-016-1160-9

Keywords

Navigation