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Chronische primäre Schmerzen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen

Chronic primary pain disorders in children and adolescents

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Zusammenfassung

Zielsetzung

Chronische Schmerzen im Kindes- und Jugendalter, die aufgrund der damit verbundenen Beeinträchtigung behandlungsbedürftig sind, sind mit einer Prävalenz von etwa 5 % keineswegs selten. Im Folgenden soll speziell für den Standort Deutschland eine aktuelle Bilanz zum Stand von Forschung, Versorgung sowie Aus- und Weiterbildung gezogen werden.

Methodik

Als Grundlage für diese Bilanz dienten die persönliche Erfahrung, Informationen aus den Fachgesellschaften sowie eine PubMed-Literatursuche im Zeitraum von 2012 bis 2015 mit den Stichwörtern „children“, „pain“ und „Germany“.

Ergebnisse

Forschungsaktivitäten zur Epidemiologie von chronischen Schmerzen, zu den psychobiologischen Grundlagen und zur multimodalen Behandlung chronischer Schmerzen am Standort Deutschland sind zahlreich, international gut sichtbar und werden rezipiert. Gleichwohl gibt es erhebliche Lücken beispielsweise in der Versorgungs- oder Grundlagenforschung. Die Versorgungssituation von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit chronischen Schmerzen ist im Vergleich zu Erwachsenen weniger gut entwickelt, insbesondere sind hier die Primär- und Sekundärversorgung und deren mangelnde Verzahnung zu nennen. Aus- und Weiterbildungsmaßnahmen sind für Ärzte, Psychologen und Pflegepersonal implementiert, wenngleich beschränkt auf bestimmte Standorte, die von einzelnen Arbeitsgruppen getragen werden.

Schlussfolgerung

Entsprechend internationalen Trends hat sich die pädiatrische Schmerzforschung auch in Deutschland in den letzten 20 Jahren nicht nur quantitativ entwickelt, sie hat auch deutlich an inhaltlicher Breite und theoretischer Fundierung gewonnen. Nichtsdestotrotz besteht v. a. im Bereich der Grundlagenforschung wie auch in der klinischen Forschung inklusive Versorgungsforschung ein hoher Forschungsbedarf. Ein besonderes Augenmerk sollte national auf der Entwicklung, Verbesserung und systematischen Evaluation der Versorgungsangebote und -strukturen für Kinder und Jugendliche mit chronischen Schmerzen liegen. Hier besteht sehr großer Handlungsbedarf.

Abstract

Aim

Chronic and debilitating pediatric pain has a prevalence of 5 % and as such constitutes a considerable health problem. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of current research activities on pediatric pain, available health care for children with chronic pain and education and training programs for health professionals.

Method

This overview is based on the authors’ personal experience, information available from medical, research and professional associations, as well as a PubMed literature search for the time period 2012–2015 using “children”;“pain” and “Germany” as search terms.

Results

There are numerous research activities in Germany focusing on the epidemiology, the underlying psychobiological mechanisms and on the multimodal treatment of chronic pediatric pain. This research is internationally widely acknowledged and makes a significant contribution to current developments in pediatric pain research. By contrast, health services and basic science research is clearly lacking in Germany. Moreover, specialized health care for youth with chronic pain is far less institutionalized when compared to adults suffering from chronic pain. Indeed, primary and secondary care services have rarely been studied or even evaluated.

Conclusion

Similar to international trends, research on chronic pediatric pain has also grown and advanced in Germany. Indeed, not only the amount of research has increased but also its scope. Nonetheless, there is clearly a need for more research efforts with regard to the understanding of (pediatric) pain mechanisms, clinical studies and, especially, investigations on health care services. It is particularly important to focus on the implementation, improvement and systematic evaluation of specialized health care services which would be available and accessible for children and adolescents with chronic pain and not be restricted to tertiary care.

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Zernikow, B., Hermann, C. Chronische primäre Schmerzen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Schmerz 29, 516–521 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00482-015-0036-y

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