Abstract
Background
Providing renal support for small children is very challenging using the machinery currently available in the United States. As the extracorporeal volume (ECV) relative to blood volume increases and the state of critical illness worsens, the chance for instability during continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) initiation also increases. CRRT machines with smaller ECV could reduce the risks and improve outcomes.
Methods
We present a case series of small children (n = 12) who received continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) via an Aquadex™ machine (ECV = 33 ml) with 30 ml/kg/h of prereplacement fluids at Children’s of Alabama between December 2013 and April 2015. We assessed in vitro fluid precision using the adapted continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) system.
Results
We used 101 circuits over 261 days to provide CVVH for 12 children (median age 30 days; median weight 3.4 kg). Median CVVH duration was 14.5 days [interquartile range (IQR) = 10; 22.8 days]. Most circuits were routinely changed after 72 h. Five of 101 (5 %) initiations were associated with mild transient change in vital signs. Complications were infrequent (three transient cases of hypothermia, three puncture-site bleedings, one systemic bleed, and one right atrial thrombus). Most patients (7/12, 58 %) were discharged from the intensive care unit; six of them (50 %) were discharged home.
Conclusions
CRRT machines with low ECV can enable clinicians to provide adequate, timely, safe, and efficient renal support to small, critically ill infants.
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All procedures performed involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Institutional Review Board at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, as well as with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.
Informed consent
Informed consent for CRRT was obtained after the benefits and risks were discussed with the family, in accordance with policies for all acute RRT procedures (hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, CRRT) at our institution. The University of Alabama at Birmingham Institutional Review Board approved this retrospective report of the case series, with waiver of informed research consent..
Statement of financial support
Research reported in this publication was supported by the Pediatric and Infant Center for Acute Nephrology (PICAN), which is sponsored by Children’s of Alabama Hospital and the University of Alabama at Birmingham’s School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics and Center for Clinical and Translational Science (CCTS) under award number UL1TR00165.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest
Dr. Askenazi is a speaker for the Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) Foundation.
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Askenazi, D., Ingram, D., White, S. et al. Smaller circuits for smaller patients: improving renal support therapy with Aquadex™. Pediatr Nephrol 31, 853–860 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-015-3259-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-015-3259-3