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Integrating the niche and neutral perspectives on community structure and dynamics

  • Community ecology - Original Paper
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Abstract

Elucidating the mechanisms underlying the assembly and dynamics of ecological communities is a fundamental goal of ecology. Two conceptual approaches have emerged in this respect: the niche-assembly view and the neutral perspective. The debate as to which approach best explains the biodiversity patterns observed in nature is becoming outdated, as ecologists increasingly agree on the existence of a niche-neutral continuum of community dynamical behaviors. However, attempts to make the continuum idea operational and measurable remain sparse. Here, we propose a model-based approach to achieving this. The proposed methodology consists of separating out fluctuations in species abundances into niche-mediated and stochastic factors, linking the niche configuration to community dynamics through competition, and adding demographic stochasticity. This results in a comprehensive framework including neutrality and strict niche segregation as extreme cases. We develop an index of departure from neutral drift as a surrogate for community position on the niche-neutral continuum. We evaluate the performance of our modeling approach with simulated data, and subsequently use the model to analyze rodent web-trapping data from a real-world system. The model fitting is carried out with a Bayesian approach using Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation methods.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Otso Ovaskainen, Craig Loehle, Lasse Ruokolainen, and Mike Fowler for their helpful comments on an early version of the manuscript. We are grateful to the Sevilleta Long-Term Ecological Research Program (LTER) for making the rodent data available. The financial support for this research was provided by the Academy of Finland (project no. 205371) and the research funding programme “LOEWE–Landes-Offensive zur Entwicklung Wissenschaftlich-ökonomischer Exzellenz” of Hesse’s Ministry of Higher Education, Research, and the Arts. The authors declare that the experiments reported in this study comply with the laws of the country in which they were performed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 68, 00014, Helsinki, Finland

    Crispin M. Mutshinda

  2. Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Robert B. O’Hara

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  1. Crispin M. Mutshinda
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  2. Robert B. O’Hara
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Correspondence to Crispin M. Mutshinda.

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Communicated by Scott Collins.

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Mutshinda, C.M., O’Hara, R.B. Integrating the niche and neutral perspectives on community structure and dynamics. Oecologia 166, 241–251 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-010-1831-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-010-1831-x

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