Abstract
Orcokinins are conserved neuropeptides within the Arthropoda but their cellular distribution and functions in ticks are unknown. We use an antibody against the highly conserved N-terminal (NFDEIDR) of mature orcokinin peptides to examine their distribution in six ixodid species: Amblyomma variegatum, Dermacentor reticulatus, Hyalomma anatolicum, Ixodes scapularis, Ixodes ricinus and Rhipicephalus appendiculatus. Numerous immunoreactive neurons (~100) were detected in various regions of the synganglion (central nervous system) in all examined tick species. Immunoreactive projections of two prominent groups of efferent neurons in the post-oesophageal region were examined in detail: (1) neurons innervating the salivary glands; (2) neurons innervating the hindgut. Using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation–time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF), we detected orcokinin peaks in extracts of the synganglia and hindguts but not in the salivary glands of I. scapularis females. Our data provide further evidence of the presence of orcokinin in ixodid ticks and establish a morphological basis for functional studies of identified peptidergic neuronal networks.
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Abbreviations
- PcAM:
-
Protocerebral anteromedial neuron
- PcDM:
-
Protocerebral dorsomedial neuron
- PcPM:
-
Protocerebral posteromedial neuron
- PcVM:
-
Protocerebral ventromedial neuron
- PdDL:
-
Pedal dorsolateral neuron
- PdDM:
-
Pedal dorsomedial neuron
- PdVL:
-
Pedal ventrolateral neuron
- PdVM:
-
Pedal ventromedial neuron
- PeDM:
-
Pre-oesophageal dorsomedial neuron
- PeV:
-
Pre-oesophageal ventral neuron
- PoHG:
-
Post-oesophageal neuron innervating hindgut
- PoVM:
-
Post-oesophageal neuron
- OsDM:
-
Opisthosomal dorsomedial neuron
- OsVM:
-
Opisthosomal ventromedial neuron
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Roller Ladislav and Šimo Ladislav contributed equally to this work.
This study was supported by the Research and Development Operational Programme funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ITMS: 26240220044); L.S. and Y.P. were supported by the National Institute of Health (grant no. R01AI090062).
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Ladislav, R., Ladislav, Š., Akira, M. et al. Orcokinin-like immunoreactivity in central neurons innervating the salivary glands and hindgut of ixodid ticks. Cell Tissue Res 360, 209–222 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-015-2121-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00441-015-2121-z