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Morphological and molecular-genetic characterization of Chloromyxum trilineatum n. sp. (Myxosporea: Bivalvulida) in the gall bladder of pale chub (Zacco platypus) in Japan

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Abstract

The genus Chloromyxum (Myxozoa: Myxosporea: Bivalvulida) is defined as having ridged or smooth bivalvular myxospores containing four polar capsules, with/without caudal filaments. Currently containing more than 140 nominal species, this genus is reasonably speciose with myxospores of unique but heterogeneous morphology. Recent phylogenetic studies have demonstrated its polyphyletic nature. During our myxosporean survey of freshwater fish, a new coelozoic myxosporean species, Chloromyxum trilineatum n. sp., was detected in the gall bladder of the pale chub, Zacco platypus (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae), which originated from central Japan. Spores were subspherical, measuring 8.5–9.1 (8.8) μm in length, 7.6–8.2 (8.0) μm in width, and 6.8–7.8 (7.4) μm in thickness (n = 20). The valvular surface was smooth and three or four distinct ridges ran parallel to the suture line. Four almost equal polar capsules, 2.9–3.8 (3.3) μm in length and 1.6–2.4 (2.0) μm in width, assembled at the apical part of the spores. The partial nucleotide sequence of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene, 2014 bp in length, was closest to that of morphologically distinct Chloromyxum ellipticum, infecting the gall bladder of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) in China with 96.99% (1673/1725) identity and three insertion/deletion (indel) sites, followed by Chloromyxum legeri, infecting the gall bladder of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in the Czech Republic with 89.97% (1803/2004) identity and 14 indel sites. Other myxosporean species, including Chloromyxum spp. from the gall bladder or urinary system of freshwater and marine fish, were phylogenetically distant from the present species.

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Acknowledgments

We are indebted to Prof. Shuhei Tanaka, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, for his help with SEM. We also thank the staff of Gifu World Fresh Water Aquarium (Aqua Totto Gifu) for kindly providing the preserved fish materials for this study. Their daily health checks and dedicated care of the fish under their supervision enabled freshly dead samples to be promptly available for parasitological examination.

Funding

This study was supported in part by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research 2017 and 2019 from the Towa Foundation for Food Science and Research (HS) and JSPS KAKENHI (Grant Number 18K05995). The collaborative research visit to Yamaguchi University in 2018 by the third author (JZ) was supported by the Chinese Academy of Science.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Parasitology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan

    Mariko Sekiya, Imron Rosyadi & Hiroshi Sato

  2. Fish Diseases Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China

    Jinyong Zhang

  3. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Campus C, Mulyorejo, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia

    Hiroshi Sato

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  1. Mariko Sekiya
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Correspondence to Hiroshi Sato.

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Sekiya, M., Rosyadi, I., Zhang, J. et al. Morphological and molecular-genetic characterization of Chloromyxum trilineatum n. sp. (Myxosporea: Bivalvulida) in the gall bladder of pale chub (Zacco platypus) in Japan. Parasitol Res 118, 3349–3357 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-019-06500-w

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