Abstract
Soy sauce-marinated freshwater crabs (Eriocheir japonicus) are a source of human paragonimiasis. The viability of Paragonimus westermani metacercariae (PwMc) in marinated crabs was investigated in an experimental setting. The PwMc collected from freshwater crayfish were inoculated into freshwater crabs, which were then frozen or marinated in soy sauce. All PwMc in the freshwater crabs were inactivated after freezing for 48 h at −20 °C and after freezing for 12 h at −40 °C. After marinating for 32 days, the survival rate of PwMc in 5% NaCl soy sauce was 50%, in 7.5% NaCl soy sauce it was 33.3%, and in 10.0% NaCl soy sauce it was 31.3%. When marinated for 64 days, all PwMc were inactivated in all experimental groups. These results revealed that freezing and soy sauce marination were detrimental to the survival of PwMc in freshwater crabs. Specifically, freezing crabs for more than 48 h or soaking them in soy sauce containing at least 5.0% NaCl for 64 days can inactivate PwMc. These results can inform the production of the traditional Korean soy sauce-marinated freshwater crabs known as gejang.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Blair D, Xu ZB, Agatsuma T (1999) Paragonimiasis and the genus Paragonimus. Adv Parasitol 42:113–222
Chai JY (2013) Paragonimiasis. Handb Clin Neurol 114:283–296
Cho SY, Kang SY, Kong Y, Yang HJ (1991) Metacercarial infections of Paragonimus westermani in freshwater crabs sold in markets in Seoul. Korean J Parasitol 29:189–191
Cho AR, Lee HR, Lee KS, Lee SE, Lee SY (2011) A case of pulmonary paragonimiasis with involvement of the abdominal muscle in a 9-year-old girl. Korean J Parasitol 49:409–412
Fan PC (1998) Viability of metacercariae of Clonorchis sinensis in frozen or salted freshwater fish. Int J Parasitol 28:603–605
Food and Drug Administration, USA (2001) Food code, section 3-402.11 (A1 and A2). http://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceRegulation/RetailFoodProtection/FoodCode/ucm2016794.htm
Kang SY, Kim TK, Kim TY, Ha YI, Choi SW, Hong SJ (2000) A case of chronic cerebral paragonimiasis westermani. Korean J Parasitol 38:167–171
Keiser J, Utzinger J (2007) Food-borne trematodiasis: current chemotherapy and advances with artemisinins and synthetic trioxolanes. Trends Parasitol 23:555–562
Kim EM, Kim JL, Choi SI, Lee SH, Hong ST (2009) Infection status of freshwater crabs and crayfish with metacercariae of Paragonimus wertermani in Korea. Korean J Parasitol 47:425–426
Koh EJ, Kim SK, Wang KC, Chai JY, Chong S, Park SH, Cheon JE, Phi JH (2012) The return of an old worm: cerebral paragonimiasis presenting with intracerebral hemorrhage. J Korean Med Sci 27:1428–1432
Lee CH, Kim JH, Moon WS, Lee MR (2012) Paragonimiasis in the abdominal cavity and subcutaneous tissue: report of 3 cases. Korean J Parasitol 50:345–347
Sim YS, Lee JH, Hong SC, Chang JH, Kang SR, Yang HJ, Sung SH (2010) Paragonimus westermani found in the tip of a little finger. Intern Med 49:1645–1648
Sanchez-Monsalvez I, Armas-Serra C, Martinez J, Dorado M, Sanchez A, Rodriguez-Caabeiro F (2005) A new procedure for marinating fresh anchovies and ensuring the rapid destruction of Anisakis laevae. J Food Prot 68:1066–1072
Sohn BS, Bae YJ, Cho YS, Moon HB, Kim TB (2009) Three cases of paragonimiasis in a family. Korean J Parasitol 47:281–285
Wootten R, Cann DC (2001) Round worms in fish. In Torry advisory note no. 80. Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. Torry Research Station. http://www.fao.org/wairdocs/tan/x5951e/x5951e00.htm
World Health Organization (2002) Report: Joint WHO/FAO Workshop on Foodborne Trematode Infections in Asia, Hanoi, Vietnam. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/wpro/2004/RS_2002_GE_40(VTN).pdf
Acknowledgements
This research was supported by a 2012 grant (12162KFDA12) from the Korea Food and Drug Administration for studies on hazardous microbes and microbiological safety management of seafood.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Not applicable.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kim, T.I., Oh, SR., Dai, F. et al. Inactivation of Paragonimus westermani metacercariae in soy sauce-marinated and frozen freshwater crabs. Parasitol Res 116, 1003–1006 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-017-5380-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-017-5380-7