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Ultrastructural, ssrDNA sequencing of Myxobolus prochilodus and Myxobolus porofilus and details of the interaction with the host Prochilodus lineatus

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Abstract

Myxobolus prochilodus and Myxobolus porofilus are parasites of Prochilodus lineatus, an economically important South American fish found in La Plata and Paraiba do Sul river basins. This study focusing on parasite-host interaction provides an ultrastructural and phylogenetic analysis, the latter based on ssrDNA sequencing of these parasites respectively infecting the gill filaments and fins of P. lineatus taken from the Mogi Guaçu River, São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 13 adult specimens were examined in this study. The prevalence of infection was 7.69 % for M. prochilodus and 15.38 % for M. porofilus. Phylogenetic analysis showed M. prochilodus and M. porofilus clustered in a subclade composed of parasites of the Prochilodontidae family. In M. prochilodus infecting gill filaments, where cellular degeneration in the epithelium was observed, the plasmodia were surrounded by a capsule composed of layers of fibrocyte-like cells, with cellular projections joined to the projections of other fibrocyte-like cells by desmosomes, and more externally typical fibroblast layers. Some granular leukocytes were seen interspersed among these layers. In M. porofilus infecting the fins, the capsule of connective tissue was represented only by loosely arranged collagen fibers, and no granular leucocytes were observed. Finally, several unusual vacuoles with filamentous content and some characteristics usually described as degenerative alterations, as myelin figure, were noted in plasmodia and pansporoblasts of both myxosporean species. The possible influence of inflammatory response and xenobiotics was considered to be the explanation for the alterations observed in Myxobolus species and its host.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Dr. Paulo S. Ceccarelli of the CEPTA/ICMBio for help with fieldwork in the Mogi Guaçu River. Suellen A. Zatti was supported by a CAPES Master scholarship. This work was supported by the CNPq (process number: 477658/2010-5-Adriano E. A.). Adriano E.A. received a research productivity grant from the Brazilian Fostering Agency CNPq (Proc. No. 305630/2013-0).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Professor Arthur Riedel, 275, Jardim Eldorado, Diadema, SP, 09972-270, Brazil

    Suellen A. Zatti & Edson A. Adriano

  2. Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, Campinas State University, l PO Box 6109, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil

    Sarah Arana

  3. Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, São Paulo University, Avenida Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil

    Antônio A. M. Maia

  4. Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, Campinas State University, Caixa Postal 6109, Campinas, SP, CEP 13083-970, Brazil

    Edson A. Adriano

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Correspondence to Edson A. Adriano.

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The methodology employed in this study was approved by the ethics research committee of the Universidade Federal de São Paulo (CEP: 0128/12) and is in accordance with Brazilian law.

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Sarah Arana and Edson A. Adriano participated in this article to a similar degree.

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Zatti, S.A., Arana, S., Maia, A.A.M. et al. Ultrastructural, ssrDNA sequencing of Myxobolus prochilodus and Myxobolus porofilus and details of the interaction with the host Prochilodus lineatus . Parasitol Res 115, 4573–4585 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-016-5248-2

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