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Bucephalidae (Platyhelminthes: Digenea) of Plectropomus (Serranidae: Epinephelinae) in the tropical Pacific

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Abstract

We examined four species of Plectropomus Oken, 1817 (Serranidae: Epinephelinae), Plectropomus areolatus (Rüppell), Plectropomus laevis (Lacepède), Plectropomus leopardus (Lacepède) and Plectropomus maculatus (Bloch) from sites off Heron Island and Lizard Island on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia (GBR), and the Gambier Islands, French Polynesia. Three new species of Neidhartia Nagaty, 1937, five new species of Prosorhynchus Odhner, 1905, and one previously described species, Prosorhynchus freitasi Nagaty, 1937, are characterised. The three species of Neidhartia, Neidhartia haywardi n. sp., Neidhartia plectropomi n. sp. and Neidhartia tyleri n. sp. are readily distinguishable morphologically. Two of the six species of Prosorhynchus (Prosorhynchus lesteri n. sp. and Prosorhynchus wrightae n. sp.) are easily distinguished from their other congeners by morphology but the other four species (P. freitasi, Prosorhynchus heronensis n. sp., Prosorhynchus munozae n. sp. and Prosorhynchus plectropomi n. sp.) are generally similar in morphology and were only distinguished initially by comparing their ITS2 rRNA sequences. Three additional taxa, one from the GBR and two from French Polynesia, were recognised as distinct on the basis that their ITS2 rRNA sequences differed from those of the new taxa described here; these species remain unnamed for the present. Inter-specific divergence observed within these genera in the ITS2 rRNA ranged from 10 to 42 base pairs (4–16 %) for species of Neidhartia and 2–57 base pairs (3–21 %) for species of Prosorhynchus. Inter-generic divergences were 42–55 base pairs (17–21 %). No intraspecific variation in the ITS2 rRNA region was observed for any of the six species for which multiple sequence replicates were obtained. Phylogenetic analysis of 12 operational taxa from Plectropomus together with sequences of three other species from epinepheline serranids demonstrated that Neidhartia and Prosorhynchus were reciprocally monophyletic with the exception that P. wrightae n. sp. fell either within or basal to the Neidhartia species. The richness of bucephalids in species of Plectropomus appears to be exceptional within the Serranidae relative to that observed in other serranid genera in the tropical Indo-West Pacific.

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Acknowledgments

This study was funded by the Australian Research Council Discovery grant DP110105389. It was also partly funded by, and is a contribution from, the Australian node of the CReefs global research initiative (grant number 209/29), a partnership between the ABRS, BHP Billiton, the GBR Foundation, the Census of Marine Life and the Australian Institute of Marine Science. The CReefs Australia Project is generously sponsored by BHP Billiton in partnership with The GBR Foundation, the Australian Institute of Marine Science, the Australian Biological Resources Study and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. CReefs is a field programme of the Census of Marine Life. We thank Rob Adlard, Rod Bray, Matthew Nolan, Holly Heiniger, Timothy Lucas, Jonathon Yantsch, Barton McKenzie, Ashley Roberts-Thomson, Conor Jones, Gaines Tyler and Nicole Elphinstone for assistance with collecting. We also gratefully thank the staff of the Heron and Lizard Island research stations for their support and hospitality during our many long stays.

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  1. Nathan J. Bott

    Present address: Aquatic Sciences, South Australian Research and Development Institute, PO Box 120, Henley Beach, SA, 5022, Australia

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  1. School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia

    Nathan J. Bott & Thomas H. Cribb

  2. School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, PO Box 6811, Cairns, QLD, 4870, Australia

    Terrence L. Miller

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Bott, N.J., Miller, T.L. & Cribb, T.H. Bucephalidae (Platyhelminthes: Digenea) of Plectropomus (Serranidae: Epinephelinae) in the tropical Pacific. Parasitol Res 112, 2561–2584 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-013-3423-2

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