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Bioefficacy of larvicdial and pupicidal properties of Carica papaya (Caricaceae) leaf extract and bacterial insecticide, spinosad, against chikungunya vector, Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

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Abstract

The present study was carried out to establish the properties of Carica papaya leaf extract and bacterial insecticide, spinosad on larvicidal and pupicidal activity against the chikungunya vector, Aedes aegypti. The medicinal plants were collected from the area around Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India. C. papaya leaf was washed with tap water and shade-dried at room temperature. An electrical blender powdered the dried plant materials (leaves). The powder (500 g) of the leaf was extracted with 1.5 l of organic solvents of methanol for 8 h using a Soxhlet apparatus and then filtered. The crude leaf extracts were evaporated to dryness in a rotary vacuum evaporator. The plant extract showed larvicidal and pupicidal effects after 24 h of exposure; however, the highest larval and pupal mortality was found in the leaf extract of methanol C. papaya against the first- to fourth-instar larvae and pupae of values LC50 = I instar was 51.76 ppm, II instar was 61.87 ppm, III instar was 74.07 ppm, and IV instar was 82.18 ppm, and pupae was 440.65 ppm, respectively, and bacterial insecticide, spinosad against the first to fourth instar larvae and pupae of values LC50 = I instar was 51.76 ppm, II instar was 61.87 ppm, III instar was 74.07 ppm, and IV instar was 82.18 ppm, and pupae was 93.44 ppm, respectively. Moreover, combined treatment of values of LC50 = I instar was 55.77 ppm, II instar was 65.77 ppm, III instar was 76.36 ppm, and IV instar was 92.78 ppm, and pupae was 107.62 ppm, respectively. No mortality was observed in the control. The results that the leaves extract of C. papaya and bacterial insecticide, Spinosad is promising as good larvicidal and pupicidal properties of against chikungunya vector, A. aegypti. This is an ideal eco-friendly approach for the control of chikungunya vector, A. aegypti as target species of vector control programs.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to the Department of Science and Technology (DST), New Delhi, India and Tamil Nadu State Council for Science and Technology (TNSCST), Chennai, Tamil Nadu for providing financial support for the present work. The authors are grateful to Dr. K. Sasikala, Professor and Head, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University for the laboratory facilities provided.

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  1. Division of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India

    Kalimuthu Kovendan, Kadarkarai Murugan & Arjunan Naresh Kumar

  2. Tamil Nadu State Council for Science and Technology, DOTE Campus, Guindy, Chennai, 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India

    Savariar Vincent

  3. Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 202-24, Taiwan

    Jiang-Shiou Hwang

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  1. Kalimuthu Kovendan
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Kovendan, K., Murugan, K., Naresh Kumar, A. et al. Bioefficacy of larvicdial and pupicidal properties of Carica papaya (Caricaceae) leaf extract and bacterial insecticide, spinosad, against chikungunya vector, Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). Parasitol Res 110, 669–678 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-011-2540-z

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