Abstract
Chaetae are important structures to facilitate locomotion in annelids. Being at the interface between the organisms and its environment, chaetae are supposed to underlie strong functional constraints to optimize the relation between structure and function. As such chaetae are potentially susceptible for convergent evolution. On the other hand, chaetae gained enormous taxonomic importance due to their conservative structure in species and supraspecific taxa which reasonably can only be explained by strong evolutionary constrains that conserve their structure. In this paper, we study the chaetation and chaetogenesis in two species of Maldanidae, Clymenura clypeata Saint-Joseph 1894 and Johnstonia clymenoides Quatrefages 1866 to unravel conservative traits in their structure and development. In a literature survey across maldanids, we address questions on the ontogenetic variation, on homology and on the phylogenetic significance especially of the bearded hooked neurochaetae. We provide evidence that functionally constraint ontogenetic variation overlies historically (phylogenetically) constraint expression of structural information and can show that within maldanids a variety of different chaetal types must be homologous due to their ontogenetic continuity. Furthermore, we use chaetation and chaetal characters to discuss the subgroup relationships within Maldanomorpha in the light of recent cladistics analyses based on morphological and molecular data. This study shows that functional considerations need to use phylogenies as backbone.
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Acknowledgments
We express our gratitude to the staff of the Station de Biologie Marine in Concarneau for years of hospitality and support of our research. We would also like to thank Tatjana Bartz and Claudia Müller for technical support. Our thanks are also due to two anonymous referees. Their efforts increased the quality of this paper.
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Author declare that they have no conflict of interest.
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We neither used endangered species nor were the investigated animals collected in protected areas. All animals were collected with the permission of the local marine biological stations: the Station Biologie Marine, Concarneau (France), and the Station Marine d’ Arcachon (France). All applicable international, national and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. The authors received no specific funding for this work.
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Communicated by A. Schmidt-Rhaesa.
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Tilic, E., von Döhren, J., Quast, B. et al. Phylogenetic significance of chaetal arrangement and chaetogenesis in Maldanidae (Annelida). Zoomorphology 134, 383–401 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00435-015-0272-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00435-015-0272-9