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RSV infection among children born moderately preterm in a community-based cohort

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Abstract

We aimed to determine the rates of proven respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) hospitalization and disease severity among children born moderately preterm (MP, gestational age [GA] 32–36 weeks, n = 964), children born full-term (FT, GA 38–42 weeks, n = 572), and children born early preterm (EP, GA <32 weeks, n = 524). Our second aim was to identify risk factors for RSV hospitalization among MP. We extracted data from parental questionnaires and medical records, retrieved from a community-based cohort of children aged 43–49 months. The RSV hospitalization rates of MP were higher than FT (3.9 vs. 1.2 %, relative rate 3.2; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.4–7.1) and equal to EP (3.9 vs. 3.2 %, relative rate 1.2; 95 % CI 0.7–2.1). MP were hospitalized at an earlier age than EP. Disease severity (based on the type of treatment and hospitalization length) was equal in all groups. Risk factors for RSV hospitalization in MP were younger age and lower birth weight. In multivariable analyses, shorter GA and passive smoking independently increased the likelihood of RSV hospitalization in MP.

Conclusion: The rates of hospitalization due to proven RSV infection are higher in MP than FT and not different between MP and EP. No difference in disease severity was observed. Among MP, the rates of RSV hospitalization are higher for lower GA and when exposed to passive smoking.

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Abbreviations

BPD:

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

CHD:

Congenital heart disease

CI:

Confidence interval

EP:

Children born early preterm (GA <32 weeks)

FT:

Children born full-term (GA 38–42 weeks)

GA:

Gestational age

LOLLIPOP:

Longitudinal Preterm Outcome Project

MP:

Children born moderately preterm (GA 32–36 weeks)

NICU:

Neonatal intensive care unit

Non-RSV-H:

Not hospitalized for respiratory syncytial virus infection

PCHC:

Preventive Child Health Care

RSV:

Respiratory syncytial virus

RSV-H:

Hospitalized for respiratory syncytial virus infection

SD:

Standard deviation

SGA:

Small-for-gestational age

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Acknowledgments

The study presented here is part of a larger cohort study on development, growth, and health of preterm children, known as the LOLLIPOP study (controlled-trials.com ISRCTN 80622320). It is part of the study program of the Postgraduate School of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Groningen, the Netherlands. It is supported by the research foundation of Beatrix Children’s Hospital, the Cornelia Foundation for the Handicapped Child, the A. Bulk Preventive Child Health Care Research Fund, and the Dutch Brain Foundation and an unrestricted research grant from FrieslandCampina, Friso Infant Nutrition, Abbott Laboratories, and Pfizer Europe. The authors wish to thank all participating PCHC physicians for their contribution to the fieldwork of the study. In particular, we would like to thank the PCH physicians E. ten Vergert, B. van der Hulst, and M. Broer van Dijk for coordinating the fieldwork.

Conflict of interest

All authors declare that they have nothing to disclose, financially or otherwise. There is no conflict of interest.

Funding

This study is part of a larger cohort study on the development, growth, and health of children born preterm (controlled-trials.com ISRCTN 80622320) and is supported by the research foundation of Beatrix Children’s Hospital, the Cornelia Foundation for the Handicapped Child, the A. Bulk-Child Health Care Research Fund, and the Dutch Brain Foundation and unrestricted research grants from FrieslandCampina, Friso Infant Nutrition, Abbott Laboratories, and Pfizer Europe.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Paediatrics, Neonatology, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Rolof G. P. Gijtenbeek, Jorien M. Kerstjens & Arend F. Bos

  2. Department of Paediatrics, Paediatric Pulmonology, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Eric J. Duiverman & Elianne J. L. E. Vrijlandt

  3. Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Sijmen A. Reijneveld

Authors
  1. Rolof G. P. Gijtenbeek
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  2. Jorien M. Kerstjens
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  3. Sijmen A. Reijneveld
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  4. Eric J. Duiverman
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  5. Arend F. Bos
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  6. Elianne J. L. E. Vrijlandt
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rolof G. P. Gijtenbeek.

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Communicated by Peter de Winter

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Gijtenbeek, R.G.P., Kerstjens, J.M., Reijneveld, S.A. et al. RSV infection among children born moderately preterm in a community-based cohort. Eur J Pediatr 174, 435–442 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-014-2415-2

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