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HPV-related carcinomas of the head and neck: morphologic features, variants, and practical considerations for the surgical pathologist

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Abstract

Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma is a distinct tumor entity with clinical, epidemiologic, genetic, histologic, prognostic, and treatment differences from smoking- and alcohol-related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. This is now well known by the pathology and medical community. What is not yet widely known is that several emerging variants of HPV-related carcinoma of the head and neck exist apart from the prototypical non-keratinizing morphology. Further, there is currently considerable variation in methodologies used and clinical scenarios in which to test for HPV-related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and no standard approach has emerged. In this article, we will review the morphology of prototypical HPV-related squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx and other HPV-related variants of head and neck carcinoma with an emphasis on their differential diagnosis, grade, and prognosis, as well as outline the current best practices for testing for HPV in head and neck carcinomas.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Dr. George J. Netto for the opportunity to write this review.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 3548 North Pavilion, 1802 6th Ave. S, Birmingham, AL, 35249, USA

    Todd M. Stevens

  2. Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 401 N. Broadway, Weinberg 2249, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA

    Justin A. Bishop

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Correspondence to Todd M. Stevens.

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Stevens, T.M., Bishop, J.A. HPV-related carcinomas of the head and neck: morphologic features, variants, and practical considerations for the surgical pathologist. Virchows Arch 471, 295–307 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-017-2118-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00428-017-2118-y

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