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VuDREB2A, a novel DREB2-type transcription factor in the drought-tolerant legume cowpea, mediates DRE-dependent expression of stress-responsive genes and confers enhanced drought resistance in transgenic Arabidopsis

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Abstract

Main conclusion

VuDREB2A exists in cowpea as a canonical DREB2-type transcription factor, having the ability to bind dehydration-responsive elements in vitro and confer enhanced drought resistance in transgenic Arabidopsis.

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) is an important cultivated legume that can survive better in arid conditions than other crops. But the molecular mechanisms involved in the drought tolerance of this species remain elusive with very few reported candidate genes. The Dehydration-Responsive Element-Binding Protein2 (DREB2) group of transcription factors plays key roles in plant responses to drought. However, no DREB2 ortholog has been reported from cowpea so far. In this study, we isolated and characterized a gene from cowpea, namely VuDREB2A, encoding a protein of 377 amino acids exhibiting features of reported DREB2-type proteins. In cowpea, VuDREB2A transcript accumulation was highly induced by desiccation, heat and salt, but slightly by exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. We also isolated the VuDREB2A promoter and predicted stress-responsive cis-elements in it using Arabidopsis microarray data. The E. coli-expressed VuDREB2A protein showed binding to synthetic oligonucleotides with Dehydration-Responsive Elements (DREs) from Arabidopsis, in electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Heterologous expression of VuDREB2A in Arabidopsis significantly improved plant survival under drought. In addition, overexpression of a truncated version of VuDREB2A, after removal of a putative negative regulatory domain (between amino acids 132–182) led to a dwarf phenotype in the transgenic plants. Microarray and quantitative PCR analyses of VuDREB2A overexpressing Arabidopsis revealed up-regulation of stress-responsive genes having DRE overrepresented in their promoters. In summary, our results indicate that VuDREB2A conserves the basic functionality and mode of regulation of DREB2A in Arabidopsis and could be a potent candidate gene for the genetic improvement of drought resistance in cowpea.

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Abbreviations

ABA:

Abscisic acid

ABRE:

ABA-responsive element

DRE:

Dehydration-responsive element

DREB:

DRE-binding protein

EMSA:

Electrophoretic mobility shift assay

ERF:

Ethylene-responsive element-binding factor

FL:

Full length

HSE:

Heat stress-responsive element

LTE:

Low temperature-responsive element

MeJA:

Methyl jasmonate

PLACE:

Plant cis-acting regulatory DNA elements

RAR:

Relative appearance ratio

rd29A:

Responsive to dehydration 29A

SA:

Salicylic acid

SMART:

Simple modular architecture research tool

TAIR:

The Arabidopsis information resource

TR:

Truncated

TSS:

Transcription start site

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Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India and the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science for financial support. AS is grateful to the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India for research fellowship.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they do not have any competing interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India

    Ayan Sadhukhan & Lingaraj Sahoo

  2. Laboratory of Plant Cell Technology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan

    Yasufumi Kobayashi, Yuriko Kobayashi, Mutsutomo Tokizawa, Yoshiharu Y. Yamamoto & Hiroyuki Koyama

  3. RIKEN BioResource Center Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan

    Satoshi Iuchi

  4. Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, India

    Sanjib Kumar Panda

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  1. Ayan Sadhukhan
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Correspondence to Lingaraj Sahoo.

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Sadhukhan, A., Kobayashi, Y., Kobayashi, Y. et al. VuDREB2A, a novel DREB2-type transcription factor in the drought-tolerant legume cowpea, mediates DRE-dependent expression of stress-responsive genes and confers enhanced drought resistance in transgenic Arabidopsis . Planta 240, 645–664 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-014-2111-5

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