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Thaxtomin A-deficient endophytic Streptomyces sp. enhances plant disease resistance to pathogenic Streptomyces scabies

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Abstract

Each plant species in nature harbors endophytes, a community of microbes living within host plants without causing any disease symptom. However, the exploitation of endophyte-based phytoprotectants is hampered by the paucity of mechanistic understandings of endophyte-plant interaction. We here reported two endophytic Streptomyces isolates IFB-A02 and IFB-A03 recovered from a stress-tolerant dicotyledonous plant Artemisia annua L. After the determination of their non-pathogenicity at the genomic level and from the toxin (thaxtomin A, TXT) level, the endophytism of both isolates was supported by their successful colonization in planta. Of the two endophytes, IFB-A03 was further studied for the mechanism of endophyte-conferred phytoprotection owing to its plant growth promotion in model eudicot Arabidopsis thaliana. Using the endophyte-Arabidopsis co-cultivation system into which pathogenic Streptomyces scabies was introduced, we demonstrated that IFB-A03 pre-inoculation could activate the salicylic acid (SA)-mediated plant defense responses upon pathogen challenge. Moreover, IFB-A03 was shown to partially rescue the defense deficiency in eds5 (enhanced disease susceptibility 5) Arabidopsis mutants, putatively acting at the upstream of SA accumulation in the defense signaling pathway associated with the systemic acquired resistance (SAR). These data suggest that endophytic Streptomyces sp. IFB-A03 could be a promising candidate for biocontrol agents against S. scabies—a causative pathogen of common scab diseases prevailing in agronomic systems.

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Abbreviations

TXT:

Thaxtomin A

SA:

Salicylic acid

eds5 :

Enhanced disease susceptibility 5

SAR:

Systemic acquired resistance

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Acknowledgments

We thank Profs S. Lu (Nanjing Univ.) and D. T. Ren (China Agric. Univ.) for providing seeds of wild-type Col-0 and eds5 mutant, NahG transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana, respectively, and Prof. Z. Hong (Nanjing Univ.) for helpful suggestions on the manuscript. We are also grateful to the two anonymous referees for their comments and advice for the improvement of manuscript. This work was co-financed by grants from NSFC (30821006 & 90813036) and MOST (2009ZX09501-013).

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Functional Biomolecules, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People’s Republic of China

    Lan Lin, Hui Ming Ge, Tong Yan, Yan Hua Qin & Ren Xiang Tan

  2. Department of Bioengineering, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People’s Republic of China

    Lan Lin

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  1. Lan Lin
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  2. Hui Ming Ge
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  3. Tong Yan
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  4. Yan Hua Qin
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  5. Ren Xiang Tan
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Correspondence to Ren Xiang Tan.

Additional information

Data deposition: The 16S rRNA gene sequences for the two endophytic isolates IFB-A02 and IFB-A03 mentioned here have been deposited in the GenBank database (accession no. HQ317204-317205).

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Lin, L., Ge, H.M., Yan, T. et al. Thaxtomin A-deficient endophytic Streptomyces sp. enhances plant disease resistance to pathogenic Streptomyces scabies . Planta 236, 1849–1861 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-012-1741-8

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