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Physiological responses and endogenous cytokinin profiles of tissue-cultured ‘Williams’ bananas in relation to roscovitine and an inhibitor of cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (INCYDE) treatments

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Abstract

The effect of supplementing either meta-topolin (mT) or N 6-benzyladenine (BA) requiring cultures with roscovitine (6-benzylamino-2-[1(R)-(hydroxymethyl)propyl]amino-9-isopropylpurine), a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) and N-glucosylation inhibitor, and INCYDE (2-chloro-6-(3-methoxyphenyl)aminopurine), an inhibitor of cytokinin (CK) degradation, on the endogenous CK profiles and physiology of banana in vitro was investigated. Growth parameters including multiplication rate and biomass were recorded after 42 days. Endogenous CK levels were quantified using UPLC–MS/MS while the photosynthetic pigment and phenolic contents were evaluated spectrophotometrically. The highest regeneration rate (93 %) was observed in BA + roscovitine while mT + INCYDE plantlets produced most shoots. Treatment with BA + roscovitine had the highest shoot length and biomass. Although not significant, there was a higher proanthocyanidin level in BA + roscovitine treatments compared to the control (BA). The levels of total phenolics and flavonoids were significantly higher in mT + roscovitine treatment than in the mT-treated regenerants. The presence of roscovitine and/or INCYDE had no significant effect on the photosynthetic pigments of the banana plantlets. Forty-seven aromatic and isoprenoid CKs categorized into nine CK-types were detected at varying concentrations. The presence of mT + roscovitine and/or INCYDE increased the levels of O-glucosides while 9-glucosides were higher in the presence of BA. Generally, the underground parts had higher CK levels than the aerial parts; however, the presence of INCYDE increased the level of CK quantified in the aerial parts. From a practical perspective, the use of roscovitine and INCYDE in micropropagation could be crucial in the alleviation of commonly observed in vitro-induced physiological abnormalities.

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Abbreviations

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

BA:

N 6-Benzyladenine

BA9G:

N 6-Benzyladenine-9-glucoside

BAR:

N 6-Benzyladenosine

BAR5′MP:

N 6-Benzyladenosine-5′-monophosphate

CCE:

Cyanidin chloride equivalents

CDK:

Cyclin-dependent kinase

CE:

Catechin equivalents

CK:

Cytokinin

CKX:

Cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase

cZ:

cis-Zeatin

cZ9G:

cis-Zeatin-9-glucoside

cZOG:

cis-Zeatin-O-glucoside

cZR:

cis-Zeatin riboside

cZR5′MP:

cis-Zeatin riboside-5′-monophosphate

cZROG:

cis-Zeatin-O-glucoside riboside

DHZ:

Dihydrozeatin

DHZ9G:

Dihydrozeatin-9-glucoside

DHZOG:

Dihydrozeatin-O-glucoside

DHZR:

Dihydrozeatin riboside

DHZR5′MP:

Dihydrozeatin riboside-5′-monophosphate

DHZROG:

Dihydrozeatin-O-glucoside riboside

DMRT:

Duncan’s multiple range test

GAE:

Gallic acid equivalents

IAC:

Immunoaffinity chromatography

INCYDE:

2-Chloro-6-(3-methoxyphenyl)aminopurine

iP:

N 6-Isopentenyladenine

iP9G:

N 6-Isopentenyladenine-9-glucoside

iPR:

N 6-Isopentenyladenosine

iPR5′MP:

N 6-Isopentenyladenosine-5′-monophosphate

IPT:

Isopentenyltransferase

Kin:

Kinetin

Kin9G:

Kinetin-9-glucoside

KinR:

Kinetin riboside

KinR5′MP:

Kinetin riboside-5′-monophosphate

MRM:

Multiple reaction monitoring

MS:

Murashige and Skoog medium

mT:

meta-Topolin

mT9G:

meta-Topolin-9-glucoside

mTOG:

meta-Topolin-O-glucoside

mTR:

meta-Topolin riboside

mTR5′MP:

meta-Topolin-5′-monophosphate

mTROG:

meta-Topolin-O-glucoside riboside

oT:

ortho-Topolin

oT9G:

ortho-Topolin-9-glucoside

oTOG:

ortho-Topolin-O-glucoside

oTR:

ortho-Topolin riboside

oTR5′MP:

ortho-Topolin-5′-monophosphate

oTROG:

ortho-Topolin-O-glucoside riboside

PGR:

Plant growth regulator

PPFD:

Photosynthetic photon flux density

pT:

para-Topolin

PTC:

Plant tissue culture

pTOG:

para-Topolin-O-glucoside

pTR:

para-Topolin riboside

pTR5′MP:

para-Topolin-5′-monophosphate

pTROG:

para-Topolin-O-glucoside riboside

tZ:

trans-Zeatin

tZ9G:

trans-Zeatin-9-glucoside

tZOG:

trans-Zeatin-O-glucoside

tZR:

trans-Zeatin riboside

tZR5′MP:

trans-Zeatin riboside-5′-monophosphate

tZROG:

trans-Zeatin-O-glucoside riboside

UPLC:

Ultra performance liquid chromatography

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Acknowledgments

The University of KwaZulu-Natal (Pietermaritzburg), South Africa and Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University (Olomouc), Czech Republic for providing financial support (Grant No. ED0007/01/01).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa

    Adeyemi O. Aremu, Michael W. Bairu, Jeffrey F. Finnie & Johannes Van Staden

  2. Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic

    Ondřej Novák, Lenka Plačková, Marek Zatloukal, Karel Doležal & Miroslav Strnad

  3. Faculty of Science, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 11, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic

    Lenka Plačková, Marek Zatloukal, Karel Doležal & Miroslav Strnad

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  1. Adeyemi O. Aremu
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  2. Michael W. Bairu
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  3. Ondřej Novák
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Aremu, A.O., Bairu, M.W., Novák, O. et al. Physiological responses and endogenous cytokinin profiles of tissue-cultured ‘Williams’ bananas in relation to roscovitine and an inhibitor of cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (INCYDE) treatments. Planta 236, 1775–1790 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-012-1721-z

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