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The effect of eccentric exercise with blood flow restriction on neuromuscular activation, microvascular oxygenation, and the repeated bout effect

  • Original Article
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European Journal of Applied Physiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

To examine the effect of low-intensity eccentric contractions with and without blood flow restriction (BFR) on microvascular oxygenation, neuromuscular activation, and the repeated bout effect (RBE).

Methods

Participants were randomly assigned to either low-intensity (LI), low-intensity with BFR (LI-BFR), or a control (CON) group. Participants in LI and LI-BFR performed a preconditioning bout of low-intensity eccentric exercise prior to about of maximal eccentric exercise. Participants reported 24, 48, 72, and 96 h later to assess muscle damage and function. Surface electromyography (sEMG) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) were used to measure neuromuscular activation and microvascular deoxygenation (deoxy-[Hb + Mb]) and [total hemoglobin] ([THC]) during the preconditioning bout, respectively.

Results

During set-2, LI-BFR resulted in greater activation of the VM-RMS (47.7 ± 11.5% MVIC) compared to LI (67.0 ± 20.0% MVIC), as well as during set-3 (p < 0.05). LI-BFR resulted in a greater change in deoxy-[Hb + Mb] compared to LI during set-2 (LI-BFR 13.1 ± 5.2 µM, LI 6.7 ± 7.9 µM), set-3 (LI-BFR 14.6 ± 6 µM, LI 6.9 ± 7.4 µM), and set-4 (p < 0.05). [THC] was higher during LI-BFR compared to LI (p < 0.05). All groups showed a decrease in MVIC torque immediately after maximal exercise (LI 74.2 ± 14.1%, LI-BFR 75 ± 5.1%, CON 53 ± 18.6%). At 24, 48, 72, and 96 h post maximal eccentric exercise, LI and LI-BFR force deficit was not different from baseline.

Conclusion

This study suggests that the neuromuscular and deoxygenation (i.e., metabolic stress) responses were considerably different between LI and LI-BFR groups; however, these differences did not lead to improvements in the RBE inferred by performing LI and LI-BFR.

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Abbreviations

ANOVA:

Analysis of variance

BFR:

Blood flow restriction

CON:

Control

deoxy-[Hb + Mb]:

Deoxyhemoglobin

EIMG:

Exercise-induced muscle damage

LI:

Low intensity

LI-BFR:

Low intensity with blood flow restriction

MVIC:

Maximal voluntary isometric contraction

NIRS:

Near-infrared spectroscopy

RBE:

Repeated bout effect

RM:

Repetition maximum

RMS:

Root mean square

SD:

Standard deviation

sEMG:

Surface electromyography

[THC]:

Total hemoglobin concentration

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the subjects for volunteering to participate in this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Exercise and Rehabilitative Sciences, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA

    Jakob D. Lauver, Trent E. Cayot, Timothy Rotarius & Barry W. Scheuermann

  2. Department of Exercise Science and Athletic Training, Adrian College, 110 South Madison Street, Adrian, MI, 49221, USA

    Jakob D. Lauver

  3. Division of Mathematics, Computer and Natural Sciences, Ohio Dominican University, 1216 Sunbury Road, Columbus, OH, 43219, USA

    Trent E. Cayot

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Correspondence to Jakob D. Lauver.

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Lauver, J.D., Cayot, T.E., Rotarius, T. et al. The effect of eccentric exercise with blood flow restriction on neuromuscular activation, microvascular oxygenation, and the repeated bout effect. Eur J Appl Physiol 117, 1005–1015 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-017-3589-x

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