Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study is to investigate the individuality of airflow shapes during volitional hyperventilation.
Methods
Ventilation was recorded on 18 healthy subjects following two protocols: (1) spontaneous breathing (SP1) followed by a volitional hyperventilation at each subject’s spontaneous (HVSP) breathing rate, (2) spontaneous breathing (SP2) followed by hyperventilation at 20/min (HV20). HVSP and HV20 were performed at the same level of hypocapnia: end tidal CO2 (FETCO2) was maintained at 1 % below the spontaneous level. At each breath, the tidal volume (VT), the breath (TTOT), the inspiratory (TI) and expiratory durations, the minute ventilation, VT/TI, TI/TTOT and the airflow shape were quantified by harmonic analysis. Under different conditions of breathing, we test if the airflow profiles of the same individual are more similar than airflow profiles between individuals.
Results
Minute ventilation was not significantly different between SP1 (6.71 ± 1.64 l·min−1) and SP2 (6.57 ± 1.31 l·min−1) nor between HVSP (15.88 ± 4.92 l·min−1) and HV20 (15.87 ± 4.16 l·min−1). Similar results were obtained for FETCO2 between SP1 (5.06 ± 0.54 %) and SP2 (5.00 ± 0.51 %), and HVSP (4.07 ± 0.51 %) and HV20 (3.88 ± 0.42 %). Only TI/TTOT remained unchanged in all four conditions. Airflow shapes were similar when comparing SP1-SP2, HVSP-HV20, and SP1-HVSP but not similar when comparing SP2-HV20.
Conclusions
These results suggest the existence of an individuality of airflow shape during volitional hyperventilation. We conclude that volitional ventilation alike automatic breathing follows inherent properties of the ventilatory system.
Registered by Pascale Calabrese on ClinicalTrials.gov, # NCT01881945.
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Abbreviations
- FETCO2 :
-
End tidal CO2
- HVSP :
-
Voluntary hyperventilation at the spontaneous breathing rate
- HV20 :
-
Voluntary hyperventilation at a breathing rate of 20/min
- SP1 :
-
Spontaneous breathing of protocol 1
- SP2 :
-
Spontaneous breathing of protocol 2
- TI :
-
Inspiratory breath duration
- TE :
-
Expiratory breath duration
- TTOT :
-
Breath duration (TI + TE)
- VT :
-
Tidal volume
- VT × 60/TTOT :
-
Minute ventilation
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All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were carried out in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
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Communicated by Susan Hopkins.
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Besleaga, T., Blum, M., Briot, R. et al. Individuality of breathing during volitional moderate hyperventilation. Eur J Appl Physiol 116, 217–225 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-015-3260-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-015-3260-3