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Influence of exercise on the circulating levels and macrophage production of IL-1β and IFNγ affected by metabolic syndrome: an obese Zucker rat experimental animal model

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Abstract

Regular physical activity is recognized as a non-pharmacological treatment of genetic obesity and type-II diabetes, and based on the “anti-inflammatory” effects of exercise, it has been also proposed for improving the “chronic low-grade inflammation” in metabolic syndrome (MS). The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effects of an habitual exercise program (running, 5 days/week for 35 min at 35 cm/s for 14 weeks) and of a bout of acute exercise (running, for 35 min at 35 cm/s) on MS-associated disorders in the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IFNγ. The study was carried out on obese Zucker rats (fa/fa). The obese rats presented higher circulating concentrations and constitutive macrophage production (in the absence of antigenic stimulus) of IL-1β (but not of IFNγ). But their production of both IL-1β and IFNγ by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages was lower than that of the control lean rats. Our protocol of exercise training did not modify the circulating concentration and constitutive macrophage release of either IL-1β or IFNγ in the obese rats, but increased the production of both cytokines by LPS-stimulated macrophages. The single bout of acute exercise only increased the release of IL-1β by the LPS-stimulated macrophages from obese rats, in both sedentary and trained animals. The results indicated that: (1) circulating levels and constitutive production of IL-1β by macrophages are deregulated in rats with MS, and (2) IL-1β and IFNγ production by macrophages in response to antigenic stimulus (LPS) is impaired in the obese animals, and this MS-associated disorder is improved by the program of habitual exercise training.

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Acknowledgments

This work was partially supported by grants DEP2006-56187-C04-03 (Ministry of Science and Innovation), GRU08039 (Junta de Extremadura) and Fundación Valhondo de Extremadura, Spain. The experiment was approved by the Ethical Committees of the Autonoma University (Madrid, Spain) and of the University of Extremadura (Badajoz, Spain) according to the guidelines of the European Community Council Directives and the Declaration of Helsinki.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, 06071, Badajoz, Spain

    L. Martin-Cordero, J. J. Garcia, E. Giraldo & E. Ortega

  2. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, 28040, Madrid, Spain

    M. De la Fuente

  3. Department of Molecular Biology and Center of Molecular Biology, “Severo Ochoa” (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain

    R. Manso

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  1. L. Martin-Cordero
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  2. J. J. Garcia
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  3. E. Giraldo
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  4. M. De la Fuente
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  6. E. Ortega
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Correspondence to E. Ortega.

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Martin-Cordero, L., Garcia, J.J., Giraldo, E. et al. Influence of exercise on the circulating levels and macrophage production of IL-1β and IFNγ affected by metabolic syndrome: an obese Zucker rat experimental animal model. Eur J Appl Physiol 107, 535–543 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-009-1140-4

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