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Depression and anxiety in pregnant women with diabetes or mild hyperglycemia

  • General Gynecology
  • Published:
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Abstract

Introduction

A number of physical and psychological changes that occur during pregnancy can stimulate the development of psychological disorders such as anxiety and depression. The study evaluated psychological aspects related to maternal depression and anxiety in pregnant women with diabetes mellitus or hyperglycemia, contrasting the results with those of non-diabetic pregnant women.

Method

In a prospective and longitudinal approach, two questionnaires were applied and validated for use in Brazil, the Beck depression inventory and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. The questionnaires were applied to pregnant women at the first prenatal visit or at the time of disease diagnosis (T1) and reapplied at admission for delivery (T2). Regardless of the degree of hyperglycemia, both at first and in the second stage most women had severe anxiety trait. In early pregnancy (T1), however, severe state anxiety was more frequent in women with hyperglycemia than in those from the NG group.

Results

Most pregnant women showed moderate state anxiety over their pregnancy, regardless of glycemic status. In early pregnancy, however, severe state anxiety was more prevalent in hyperglycemic women than in those with normal glycemic status. Most women showed moderate trait anxiety and mild depression in both early and late pregnancy, irrespective of glycemic status.

Conclusion

The incidence of severe state anxiety in early pregnancy is more frequent in women with diabetes or hyperglycemia, but their levels of trait anxiety and depression are not affected by glycemic status.

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Abbreviations

DM:

Diabetes mellitus

DM1:

Type 1 diabetes mellitus

DM2:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

GDM:

Gestational diabetes mellitus

MHG:

Mild gestational hyperglycemia

HG:

Hyperglycemic

NG:

Normoglycemic

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Postgraduate Program in Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology, Hospital of the Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil

    Noeli Aparecida Quessada Marquesim, Glilciane Morceli & Meline Rossetto Kron

  2. Municipal Authority of Botucatu, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil

    Ana Cláudia Molina Cavassini & Glilciane Morceli

  3. Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hospital of the Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil

    Glilciane Morceli, Claudia Garcia Magalhães, Marilza Vieira Cunha Rudge & Iracema de Mattos Paranhos Calderon

  4. Department of Nursing, Hospital of the Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil

    Glilciane Morceli & Silvana Andrea Molina Lima

  5. Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Hospital das Clínicas (HC), Av. Prof. Montenegro s/n, Distrito de Rubião Junior, Botucatu, São Paulo, CEP: 18.618-970, Brazil

    Glilciane Morceli & Iracema de Mattos Paranhos Calderon

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  1. Noeli Aparecida Quessada Marquesim
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  2. Ana Cláudia Molina Cavassini
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  3. Glilciane Morceli
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Correspondence to Noeli Aparecida Quessada Marquesim.

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The authors declare no competing interests. The authors state that they had full control of all primary data and agree to allow the Journal to review their data if requested.

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Marquesim, N.A.Q., Cavassini, A.C.M., Morceli, G. et al. Depression and anxiety in pregnant women with diabetes or mild hyperglycemia. Arch Gynecol Obstet 293, 833–837 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-015-3838-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-015-3838-3

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