Abstract
Psoriatic keratinocytes are one of the key components that amplify and maintain chronic inflammation. We hypothesized that lack of proper regulatory functions of keratinocytes can be responsible for chronic inflammation in psoriasis. Programmed death-ligands (PD-L) 1, 2 are expressed on keratinocytes, and expressions by nonlymphoid cells are important for mediating peripheral T cell tolerance. In our study, we investigated whether PD-L1, 2 expressions are altered in keratinocytes of psoriatic epidermis compared to normal epidermis. Epidermis was separated and analyzed for PD-L1, 2 expressions in mRNA and protein levels. Immunohistochemical stainings were done in skin biopsy samples from psoriasis, normal skin, allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), pityriasis rosea (PR) and lichen planus (LP). Expressions of PD-L1, 2 mRNA levels were significantly decreased in psoriatic epidermis compared to normal epidermis. In protein levels, PD-L1 expression was significantly decreased in psoriatic epidermis. However, PD-L2 expression was not detected in both normal and psoriatic epidermis. Immunohistochemical stainings revealed significantly less PD-L1 expression in psoriatic epidermis compared to normal epidermis. Even compared to other cutaneous inflammatory diseases, psoriatic epidermis showed less expression than ACD, PR and LP. PD-L2 expression was minimally detected in normal epidermis and not in psoriatic epidermis, but its expression was increased in ACD, PR and LP. In conclusion, we demonstrated that PD-L1, 2 are decreased in psoriatic epidermis in mRNA and protein levels. In addition, we showed that their expression was significantly lower than other inflammatory skin diseases. We suggest that decreased expression of PD-L1, 2 on psoriatic epidermis can contribute to its chronic unregulated inflammatory characteristics.
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Abbreviations
- NK:
-
Natural killer
- DC:
-
Dendritic cells
- IL:
-
Interleukin
- IFN:
-
Interferon
- TNF:
-
Tumor necrosis factor
- AMP:
-
Antimicrobial peptide
- hCAP:
-
Human cationic antimicrobial protein
- pDC:
-
Plasmacytoid dendritic cell
- TLR:
-
Toll-like receptor
- PD-1:
-
Programmed death-1
- PD-L1, 2:
-
Programmed death-ligand 1,2
- APC:
-
Antigen presenting cell
- PVDF:
-
Polyvinylidene difluoride
- ACD:
-
Allergic contact dermatitis
- LP:
-
Lichen planus
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Acknowledgments
This research was financially supported through KSP Psoriasis Academic Award (research proposal 2013) operated by the Korean Society for Psoriasis (MGL). This study was supported by a faculty research grant of Yonsei University College of Medicine for (6-2014-0046) (DSK).
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Kim, D.S., Je, J.H., Kim, S.H. et al. Programmed death-ligand 1, 2 expressions are decreased in the psoriatic epidermis. Arch Dermatol Res 307, 531–538 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-015-1588-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-015-1588-5