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Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Turkish version of the Lower Extremity Functional Scale on patients with knee injuries

  • Arthroscopy and Sports Medicine
  • Published:
Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Introduction

The Lower Extremity Functional Scale is a widely used questionnaire to evaluate the functional impairment in lower extremities. To date, the Lower Extremity Functional Scale has not been translated into Turkish. The aim of this study is to translate and culturally adapt the Lower Extremity Functional Scale into a Turkish version, and evaluate the psychometric properties of this version in patients with knee injuries.

Materials and methods

The translation of the English version of the Lower Extremity Functional Scale into a Turkish version was performed using standard guidelines. Validity and reliability of Turkish version were tested in 134 patients with knee injuries. Association level between other outcomes measures (Kujala Patellofemoral Score, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale and a Visual Analog Scale) and Turkish version of the Lower Extremity Functional Scale was analyzed to assess validation. Participants completed the questionnaire at baseline and after 2 days to test reliability.

Results

The Turkish version of the Lower Extremity Functional Scale was showed a high degree of internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.93). ICCs were 0.96 and no floor or ceiling effects. The Lower Extremity Functional Scale had a high level of association with the Kujala Patellofemoral Score (r = 0.82), Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale (r = 0.80) and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index scores (r = 0.69) (all, p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The Turkish version of the Lower Extremity Functional Scale is a valid and reliable questionnaire that can be used to evaluate functional status in Turkish speaking patients with different knee disorders.

Level of evidence: III.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey

    Seyit Citaker, Nihan Kafa, Zeynep Hazar Kanik & Zeynep Tuna

  2. Department of Psychiatry, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey

    Mustafa Ugurlu

  3. Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey

    Baris Kafa

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  1. Seyit Citaker
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  2. Nihan Kafa
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  3. Zeynep Hazar Kanik
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  4. Mustafa Ugurlu
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  6. Zeynep Tuna
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Correspondence to Nihan Kafa.

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Citaker, S., Kafa, N., Hazar Kanik, Z. et al. Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Turkish version of the Lower Extremity Functional Scale on patients with knee injuries. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 136, 389–395 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-015-2384-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-015-2384-6

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