Abstract
Colloidal crystallization of deionized suspensions of the cationic gel spheres of lightly cross-linked poly(2-vinylpyridine) (PEGMA-P2VP) has been studied from the microscopic observation, morphology, phase diagram, and elastic property. Critical concentrations of melting coexisted with ion-exchange resins were low compared with those without resins and increased but slightly as the degree of cross-linking decreased. The densities of the gel spheres, i.e., weight percent of the gel spheres divided by the corresponding volume percent, were between 0.7 and 0.9 and rather insensitive to the degree of cross-linking of the spheres examined from 0.1 to 1 mol%. This means that the gel spheres are rather dense. The closest inter-sphere distances of the crystals were much longer than the hydrodynamic diameters of the gel spheres especially at low sphere concentrations. Fluctuation parameters evaluated from the rigidities of the crystals of PEGMA-P2VP were similar to those of colloidal crystals of typical hard spheres. Mono-layered adsorption of cationic gel spheres at the nearest-neighbored layer from a cover glass of the cell was observed microscopically. The stable ordered layers, however, formed beyond the monolayer in the suspension phase. These experimental findings support the important role of the extended electrical double layers around the cationic gel spheres in addition to the excluded volume effect of the sphere themselves on the crystallization.
References
Okubo T (1996) Colloid Surf A 109:77
Schaefer DW (1977) J Chem Phys 66:3980
Alexander S, Chaikin PM, Grant P, Morales Gm Pincus P, Hone D (1984) J Chem Phys 80:5776
Okubo T (1993) Prog Polym Sci 18:481
Garbow N, Evers M, Palberg T, Okubo T (2004) J Phys Condens Matter 16:3835
Vanderhoff W, van de Hul HJ, Tausk RJM, Overbeek JTG (1970) In: Goldfinger G (ed) Clean surfaces: their preparation and characterization for interfacial studies. Dekker, New York, pp 15–44
Hiltner PA, Papir YS, Krieger IM (1971) J Phys Chem 75:1881
Kose A, Ozaki M, Takano K, Kobayashi Y, Hachisu S (1973) J Colloid Interf Sci 44:330
Williams R, Crandall RS, Wojtowicz PJ (1976) Phys Rev Lett 37:348
Mitaku S, Ohtsuki T, Enari K, Kishimoto A, Okano K (1978) Jap J Appl Phys 17:305
Lindsay HM, Chaikin PM (1982) J Chem Phys 76:3774
Pieranski P (1983) Contemp Phys 24:25
Ottewill RH (1985) Ber Bunseng Phys Chem 89:517
Aastuen DJW, Clark NA, Cotter LK, Ackerson BJ (1986) Phys Rev Lett 57:1733
Pusey PN, van Megen W (1986) Nature 320:340
Okubo T (1988) Acc Chem Res 21:281
Sood AK (1991) Solid State Phys 45:2
Okubo T (1988) J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 1 84:1163
Lowen H, Palberg T, Simon R (1993) Phys Rev Lett 70:1557
Okubo T (1994) Macro-ion characterization. From dilute solutions to complex fluids. ACS Symp Ser 548. ACS, Washington, DC, pp 364–380
Okubo T, Tsuchida A (2002) Forma 17:141
Okubo T (2002) In: Hubbard A (ed) Encyclopedia of surface and colloid science. Marcell Dekker, New York, pp 1300–1309
Okubo T (2005) In: Kinoshita S, Yoshioka S (eds) Structural colors in biological systems. Osaka University Press, Osaka, p 267
Okubo T (2008) Polym J 40:882
Russel WB (1990) Phase Transition 21:127
Dhont JKG, Smits C, Lekkerkerker HNW (1992) J Colloid Interf Sci 152:386
Verhaeghe NAM, van Blaaderen A (1994) Langmuir 10:1427
Butler S, Harrowell P (1995) Phys Rev E 52:6424
Okubo T, Tsuchida A (2002) Colloid Polym Sci 280:438
Shibayama M, Tanaka T (1993) Adv Polym Sci 109:1
Shibayama M (1998) Macromol Chem Phys 199:1
Holtz JH, Asher SA (1997) Nature 389:829
Pelton R (2000) Adv Colloid Interf Sci 85:1
Xia Y, Cates B, Yin Y, Lu Y (2000) Adv Mater 12:693
Hellweg T, Dewhurst CD, Bruckner E, Kratz K, Eimer W (2000) Colloid Polym Sci 278:972
Debord JD, Lyon LA (2000) J Phys Chem B 104:6330
Xia Y (2001) Adv Mater 13:369
Gao J, Hu Z (2002) Langmuir 18:1360
Okubo T, Hase H, Kimura H, Kokufuta E (2002) Langmuir 18:6783
Okubo T, Mizutani T, Okamoto J, Kimura K, Tsuchida A, Tauer K, Khrenov V, Kawaguchi H, Tsuji S (2006) Colloid Polym Sci 285:351
Crassous JJ, Ballauff M, Drechsler M, Schmidt J, Talmon Y (2006) Langmuir 22:2403
Crassous JJ, Wittemann A, Siebenburger M, Schrinner M, Drechsler M, Ballauff M (2008) Colloid Polym Sci 286:805
Crassous JJ, Rochette CN, Wittemann A, Schrinner M, Ballauff M (2008) Langmuir 25:7862
Okubo T, Suzuki D, Yamagata T, Katsuno A, Sakurai M, Kimura H, Tsuchida A (2011) Colloid Polym Sci 289:291
Okubo T, Suzuki D, Yamagata T, Horigome K, Shibata K, Tsuchida A (2011) Colloid Polym Sci 289:1273
Suzuki D, Horigome K, Yamagata T, Shibata K, Tsuchida A, Okubo T (2011) Colloid Polym Sci 289:1799
Suzuki D, Yamagata T, Horigome K, Shibata K, Tsuchida A, Okubo T (2012) Colloid Polym Sci 290:107
Okubo T, Suzuki D, Tsuchida A (2012) Colloid Polym Sci. doi:10.1007/s00396-012-2770-3.
Okubo T, Suzuki D, Shibata K, Tsuchida A (2012) Colloid Polym Sci 290:1403
Dupin D, Fujii S, Armes SP, Reeve P, Baxter SM (2006) Langmuir 22:3381
Okubo T, Fujii S, Aono K, Nakamura Y, Tsuchida A (2012) Colloid Polymer Sci. doi:10.1007/s00396-012-2825-5
Okubo T (1986) J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 1(82):3163
Fujii S, Kameyama S, Armes SP, Dupin D, Suzaki M, Nakamura Y (2010) Soft Matter 6:635
Okubo T (1987) Ber Bunsenges Phys Chem 91:1064
Okubo T (1988) J Colloid Interf Sci 125:380
Baker JA, Henderson D (1967) J Chem Phys 47:2856
Wadachi M, Toda M (1972) J Phys Soc Jpn 32:1147
Hachisu S, Kobayashi Y, Kose A (1973) J Colloid Interf Sci 42:342
Brenner SL (1976) J Phys Chem 80:1473
Takano K, Hachisu S (1977) J Chem Phys 67:2604
Okubo T (1988) J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 1 84:1171
Okubo T (1988) J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 1 84:1949
Okubo T (1988) J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 1 84:4161
Crandall RS, Williams R (1977) Science 198:293
Mitaku S, Ohtsuki T, Okano K (1980) Jpn J Appl Phys 19:439
Mitaku S, Ohtsuki T, Kishimoto A, Okano K (1980) Biophys Chem 71:411
Stoeber W, Fink A, Bohn E (1968) J Colloid Interf Sci 26:62
Okubo T, Okamoto J, Tsuchida A (2010) Colloid Polym Sci 288:189
Okubo T, Suzuki D, Yamagata T, Katsuno A, Mizutani M, Kimura H, Tsuchida A (2011) Colloid Polym Sci 289:807
Okubo T, Suzuki D, Tsuchida A (2012) Colloid Polym Sci 290:411
Okubo T, Suzuki D, Tsuchida A (2012) Colloid Polym Sci 290:867
Okubo T, Suzuki D, Tsuchida A (2012) Colloid Polym Sci. doi:10.1007/s00396-012-2727-6
Acknowledgments
The research funds from AMX Co. (Tokyo) to T.O. are appreciated greatly. Financial supports for Scientific Research (B) to T.O. and A.T. from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science are greatly acknowledged. S.F. acknowledges Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research (project no. 24655212) for Japan Society for Promotion of Science and Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas “Molecular Soft Interface Science” from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Okubo, T., Fujii, S., Aono, K. et al. Colloidal crystallization of cationic gel spheres of lightly cross-linked poly(2-vinylpyridine) in the deionized aqueous suspension. Colloid Polym Sci 291, 1201–1210 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-012-2850-4
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-012-2850-4