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Effect of neonatal malnutrition on expression of nitric oxide synthase enzyme, production of free radicals and in vitro viability of alveolar macrophages infected with methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

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Abstract

Objective

Evaluate the effects of neonatal malnutrition on the microbicidal response and viability of in vitro macrophages infected with Staphylococcus aureus sensitive/resistant to methicillin.

Methods

Male Wistar rats (n = 24) were divided into two distinct groups: nourished (rats breast-fed by mothers undergoing diet with 17 % casein) and malnourished (rats breast-fed by mothers undergoing diet with 8 % casein). Macrophages were recovered after surgical tracheostomy procedure by collecting bronchoalveolar lavage. Four systems were established: negative control, composed only by phagocytes; positive control, macrophages plus lipopolysaccharide; and two test systems, macrophages plus Staphylococcus aureus sensitive and resistant to methicillin. Plates were incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. After this period, tests for the analysis of cell viability and microbicidal response were performed. In the statistical analysis, the Student’s t and ANOVA tests were used, accepting p < 0.05.

Results

The neonatal malnutrition impaired the animals’ body weight. There was a lower expression of the inducible nitric oxide enzyme (iNOS), nitric oxide production, and viability of macrophages infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. However, increased production of superoxide anion in the malnourished group was detected.

Conclusion

Neonatal malnutrition focusing on critical periods of development promoted lower expression of iNOS, nitric oxide production, cell viability, and exacerbated reactive oxygen species production. The high levels of reactive oxygen species may favor the onset of serious and systemic infections with fatal outcome if associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

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Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank CAPES, the National Council for Science and Technology (CNPq), Brazil, for their financial support, and Laboratory Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - CPqAM/FIOCRUZ.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Health Sciences Center, Federal University of São Francisco Valley (UNIVASF), University Campus, Paulo Afonso, BA, 48608-170, Brazil

    Natália Gomes de Morais

  2. Department of Tropical Medicine, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), University Campus, University Town, Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brazil

    Thacianna Barreto da Costa

  3. Scientific Initiation of the Laboratory of Immunopathology Keizo Asami, Federal University of Pernambuco, University Campus, University Town, Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brazil

    Amanda Lúcia Farias Pedrosa

  4. Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - CPqAM/FIOCRUZ, Campus UFPE, Recife, Brazil

    Maria Carolina Accioly Brelaz de Castro

  5. Biosciences and Biotechnology for Health, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - CPqAM/FIOCRUZ, Campus UFPE, Recife, Brazil

    Suênia Cunha da Gonçalves de Albuquerque

  6. The Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - CPqAM/FIOCRUZ, Campus UFPE, Recife, Brazil

    Valéria Rêgo Alves Pereira

  7. The Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - CPqAM/FIOCRUZ, Campus UFPE, Recife, Brazil

    Milena de Paiva Cavalcanti

  8. Department of Tropical Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, University Campus, University Town, Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brazil

    Célia Maria Machado Barbosa de Castro

  9. Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (LIKA-UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-901, Brazil

    Natália Gomes de Morais

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  1. Natália Gomes de Morais
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  2. Thacianna Barreto da Costa
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  3. Amanda Lúcia Farias Pedrosa
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  4. Maria Carolina Accioly Brelaz de Castro
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  5. Suênia Cunha da Gonçalves de Albuquerque
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  6. Valéria Rêgo Alves Pereira
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  7. Milena de Paiva Cavalcanti
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  8. Célia Maria Machado Barbosa de Castro
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Natália Gomes de Morais.

Additional information

Article from the thesis MORAIS, N.G., entitled “Effect of neonatal malnutrition on intracellular signaling and viability of alveolar macrophages infected in vitro with methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus”—Federal University of Pernambuco; 2014.

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de Morais, N.G., da Costa, T.B., Pedrosa, A.L.F. et al. Effect of neonatal malnutrition on expression of nitric oxide synthase enzyme, production of free radicals and in vitro viability of alveolar macrophages infected with methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus . Eur J Nutr 55, 403–411 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-015-0861-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-015-0861-x

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